Node Client (Daemon)

Synopsis

The main endpoint of a Cosmos SDK application is the daemon client, otherwise known as the full-node client. The full-node runs the state-machine, starting from a genesis file. It connects to peers running the same client in order to receive and relay transactions, block proposals and signatures. The full-node is constituted of the application, defined with the Cosmos SDK, and of a consensus engine connected to the application via the ABCI.

Pre-requisite Readings

• Anatomy of an SDK application

main function

The full-node client of any Cosmos SDK application is built by running a main function. The client is generally named by appending the -d suffix to the application name (e.g. appd for an application named app), and the main function is defined in a ./appd/cmd/main.go file. Running this function creates an executable appd that comes with a set of commands. For an app named app, the main command is appd start, which starts the full-node.

In general, developers will implement the main.go function with the following structure:

• First, an encodingCodec is instantiated for the application.
• Then, the config is retrieved and config parameters are set. This mainly involves setting the Bech32 prefixes for addresses.

package types

import (

	"context"
    "fmt"
    "sync"
    "github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/version"
)

/ DefaultKeyringServiceName defines a default service name for the keyring.
const DefaultKeyringServiceName = "cosmos"

/ Config is the structure that holds the SDK configuration parameters.
/ This could be used to initialize certain configuration parameters for the SDK.
type Config struct {
    fullFundraiserPath  string
	bech32AddressPrefix map[string]string
	txEncoder           TxEncoder
	addressVerifier     func([]byte)

error
	mtx                 sync.RWMutex

	/ SLIP-44 related
	purpose  uint32
	coinType uint32

	sealed   bool
	sealedch chan struct{
}
}

/ cosmos-sdk wide global singleton
var (
	sdkConfig  *Config
	initConfig sync.Once
)

/ New returns a new Config with default values.
func NewConfig() *Config {
    return &Config{
    sealedch: make(chan struct{
}),
		bech32AddressPrefix: map[string]string{
			"account_addr":   Bech32PrefixAccAddr,
			"validator_addr": Bech32PrefixValAddr,
			"consensus_addr": Bech32PrefixConsAddr,
			"account_pub":    Bech32PrefixAccPub,
			"validator_pub":  Bech32PrefixValPub,
			"consensus_pub":  Bech32PrefixConsPub,
},
		fullFundraiserPath: FullFundraiserPath,

		purpose:   Purpose,
		coinType:  CoinType,
		txEncoder: nil,
}
}

/ GetConfig returns the config instance for the SDK.
func GetConfig() *Config {
    initConfig.Do(func() {
    sdkConfig = NewConfig()
})

return sdkConfig
}

/ GetSealedConfig returns the config instance for the SDK if/once it is sealed.
func GetSealedConfig(ctx context.Context) (*Config, error) {
    config := GetConfig()

select {
    case <-config.sealedch:
		return config, nil
    case <-ctx.Done():
		return nil, ctx.Err()
}
}

func (config *Config)

assertNotSealed() {
    config.mtx.RLock()

defer config.mtx.RUnlock()
    if config.sealed {
    panic("Config is sealed")
}
}

/ SetBech32PrefixForAccount builds the Config with Bech32 addressPrefix and publKeyPrefix for accounts
/ and returns the config instance
func (config *Config)

SetBech32PrefixForAccount(addressPrefix, pubKeyPrefix string) {
    config.assertNotSealed()

config.bech32AddressPrefix["account_addr"] = addressPrefix
	config.bech32AddressPrefix["account_pub"] = pubKeyPrefix
}

/ SetBech32PrefixForValidator builds the Config with Bech32 addressPrefix and publKeyPrefix for validators
/
/	and returns the config instance
func (config *Config)

SetBech32PrefixForValidator(addressPrefix, pubKeyPrefix string) {
    config.assertNotSealed()

config.bech32AddressPrefix["validator_addr"] = addressPrefix
	config.bech32AddressPrefix["validator_pub"] = pubKeyPrefix
}

/ SetBech32PrefixForConsensusNode builds the Config with Bech32 addressPrefix and publKeyPrefix for consensus nodes
/ and returns the config instance
func (config *Config)

SetBech32PrefixForConsensusNode(addressPrefix, pubKeyPrefix string) {
    config.assertNotSealed()

config.bech32AddressPrefix["consensus_addr"] = addressPrefix
	config.bech32AddressPrefix["consensus_pub"] = pubKeyPrefix
}

/ SetTxEncoder builds the Config with TxEncoder used to marshal StdTx to bytes
func (config *Config)

SetTxEncoder(encoder TxEncoder) {
    config.assertNotSealed()

config.txEncoder = encoder
}

/ SetAddressVerifier builds the Config with the provided function for verifying that addresses
/ have the correct format
func (config *Config)

SetAddressVerifier(addressVerifier func([]byte)

error) {
    config.assertNotSealed()

config.addressVerifier = addressVerifier
}

/ Set the FullFundraiserPath (BIP44Prefix)

on the config.
/
/ Deprecated: This method is supported for backward compatibility only and will be removed in a future release. Use SetPurpose and SetCoinType instead.
func (config *Config)

SetFullFundraiserPath(fullFundraiserPath string) {
    config.assertNotSealed()

config.fullFundraiserPath = fullFundraiserPath
}

/ Set the BIP-0044 Purpose code on the config
func (config *Config)

SetPurpose(purpose uint32) {
    config.assertNotSealed()

config.purpose = purpose
}

/ Set the BIP-0044 CoinType code on the config
func (config *Config)

SetCoinType(coinType uint32) {
    config.assertNotSealed()

config.coinType = coinType
}

/ Seal seals the config such that the config state could not be modified further
func (config *Config)

Seal() *Config {
    config.mtx.Lock()
    if config.sealed {
    config.mtx.Unlock()

return config
}

	/ signal sealed after state exposed/unlocked
	config.sealed = true
	config.mtx.Unlock()

close(config.sealedch)

return config
}

/ GetBech32AccountAddrPrefix returns the Bech32 prefix for account address
func (config *Config)

GetBech32AccountAddrPrefix()

string {
    return config.bech32AddressPrefix["account_addr"]
}

/ GetBech32ValidatorAddrPrefix returns the Bech32 prefix for validator address
func (config *Config)

GetBech32ValidatorAddrPrefix()

string {
    return config.bech32AddressPrefix["validator_addr"]
}

/ GetBech32ConsensusAddrPrefix returns the Bech32 prefix for consensus node address
func (config *Config)

GetBech32ConsensusAddrPrefix()

string {
    return config.bech32AddressPrefix["consensus_addr"]
}

/ GetBech32AccountPubPrefix returns the Bech32 prefix for account public key
func (config *Config)

GetBech32AccountPubPrefix()

string {
    return config.bech32AddressPrefix["account_pub"]
}

/ GetBech32ValidatorPubPrefix returns the Bech32 prefix for validator public key
func (config *Config)

GetBech32ValidatorPubPrefix()

string {
    return config.bech32AddressPrefix["validator_pub"]
}

/ GetBech32ConsensusPubPrefix returns the Bech32 prefix for consensus node public key
func (config *Config)

GetBech32ConsensusPubPrefix()

string {
    return config.bech32AddressPrefix["consensus_pub"]
}

/ GetTxEncoder return function to encode transactions
func (config *Config)

GetTxEncoder()

TxEncoder {
    return config.txEncoder
}

/ GetAddressVerifier returns the function to verify that addresses have the correct format
func (config *Config)

GetAddressVerifier()

func([]byte)

error {
    return config.addressVerifier
}

/ GetPurpose returns the BIP-0044 Purpose code on the config.
func (config *Config)

GetPurpose()

uint32 {
    return config.purpose
}

/ GetCoinType returns the BIP-0044 CoinType code on the config.
func (config *Config)

GetCoinType()

uint32 {
    return config.coinType
}

/ GetFullFundraiserPath returns the BIP44Prefix.
/
/ Deprecated: This method is supported for backward compatibility only and will be removed in a future release. Use GetFullBIP44Path instead.
func (config *Config)

GetFullFundraiserPath()

string {
    return config.fullFundraiserPath
}

/ GetFullBIP44Path returns the BIP44Prefix.
func (config *Config)

GetFullBIP44Path()

string {
    return fmt.Sprintf("m/%d'/%d'/0'/0/0", config.purpose, config.coinType)
}

func KeyringServiceName()

string {
    if len(version.Name) == 0 {
    return DefaultKeyringServiceName
}

return version.Name
}

• Using cobra, the root command of the full-node client is created. After that, all the custom commands of the application are added using the AddCommand() method of rootCmd.
• Add default server commands to rootCmd using the server.AddCommands() method. These commands are separated from the ones added above since they are standard and defined at Cosmos SDK level. They should be shared by all Cosmos SDK-based applications. They include the most important command: the start command.
• Prepare and execute the executor.

package cli

import (

	"fmt"
    "os"
    "path/filepath"
    "runtime"
    "strings"
    "github.com/spf13/cobra"
    "github.com/spf13/viper"
)

const (
	HomeFlag     = "home"
	TraceFlag    = "trace"
	OutputFlag   = "output"
	EncodingFlag = "encoding"
)

/ Executable is the minimal interface to *corba.Command, so we can
/ wrap if desired before the test
type Executable interface {
    Execute()

error
}

/ PrepareBaseCmd is meant for CometBFT and other servers
func PrepareBaseCmd(cmd *cobra.Command, envPrefix, defaultHome string)

Executor {
    cobra.OnInitialize(func() {
    initEnv(envPrefix)
})

cmd.PersistentFlags().StringP(HomeFlag, "", defaultHome, "directory for config and data")

cmd.PersistentFlags().Bool(TraceFlag, false, "print out full stack trace on errors")

cmd.PersistentPreRunE = concatCobraCmdFuncs(bindFlagsLoadViper, cmd.PersistentPreRunE)

return Executor{
    cmd, os.Exit
}
}

/ PrepareMainCmd is meant for client side libs that want some more flags
/
/ This adds --encoding (hex, btc, base64)

and --output (text, json)

to
/ the command.  These only really make sense in interactive commands.
func PrepareMainCmd(cmd *cobra.Command, envPrefix, defaultHome string)

Executor {
    cmd.PersistentFlags().StringP(EncodingFlag, "e", "hex", "Binary encoding (hex|b64|btc)")

cmd.PersistentFlags().StringP(OutputFlag, "o", "text", "Output format (text|json)")

cmd.PersistentPreRunE = concatCobraCmdFuncs(validateOutput, cmd.PersistentPreRunE)

return PrepareBaseCmd(cmd, envPrefix, defaultHome)
}

/ initEnv sets to use ENV variables if set.
func initEnv(prefix string) {
    copyEnvVars(prefix)

	/ env variables with TM prefix (eg. TM_ROOT)

viper.SetEnvPrefix(prefix)

viper.SetEnvKeyReplacer(strings.NewReplacer(".", "_", "-", "_"))

viper.AutomaticEnv()
}

/ This copies all variables like TMROOT to TM_ROOT,
/ so we can support both formats for the user
func copyEnvVars(prefix string) {
    prefix = strings.ToUpper(prefix)
    ps := prefix + "_"
    for _, e := range os.Environ() {
    kv := strings.SplitN(e, "=", 2)
    if len(kv) == 2 {
    k, v := kv[0], kv[1]
    if strings.HasPrefix(k, prefix) && !strings.HasPrefix(k, ps) {
    k2 := strings.Replace(k, prefix, ps, 1)

os.Setenv(k2, v)
}

}

}
}

/ Executor wraps the cobra Command with a nicer Execute method
type Executor struct {
	*cobra.Command
	Exit func(int) / this is os.Exit by default, override in tests
}

type ExitCoder interface {
    ExitCode()

int
}

/ execute adds all child commands to the root command sets flags appropriately.
/ This is called by main.main(). It only needs to happen once to the rootCmd.
func (e Executor)

Execute()

error {
    e.SilenceUsage = true
	e.SilenceErrors = true
    err := e.Command.Execute()
    if err != nil {
    if viper.GetBool(TraceFlag) {
    const size = 64 << 10
    buf := make([]byte, size)

buf = buf[:runtime.Stack(buf, false)]
			fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "ERROR: %v\n%s\n", err, buf)
}

else {
    fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "ERROR: %v\n", err)
}

		/ return error code 1 by default, can override it with a special error type
    exitCode := 1
    if ec, ok := err.(ExitCoder); ok {
    exitCode = ec.ExitCode()
}

e.Exit(exitCode)
}

return err
}

type cobraCmdFunc func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string)

error

/ Returns a single function that calls each argument function in sequence
/ RunE, PreRunE, PersistentPreRunE, etc. all have this same signature
func concatCobraCmdFuncs(fs ...cobraCmdFunc)

cobraCmdFunc {
    return func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string)

error {
    for _, f := range fs {
    if f != nil {
    if err := f(cmd, args); err != nil {
    return err
}

}

}

return nil
}
}

/ Bind all flags and read the config into viper
func bindFlagsLoadViper(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string)

error {
	/ cmd.Flags()

includes flags from this command and all persistent flags from the parent
    if err := viper.BindPFlags(cmd.Flags()); err != nil {
    return err
}
    homeDir := viper.GetString(HomeFlag)

viper.Set(HomeFlag, homeDir)

viper.SetConfigName("config")                         / name of config file (without extension)

viper.AddConfigPath(homeDir)                          / search root directory
	viper.AddConfigPath(filepath.Join(homeDir, "config")) / search root directory /config

	/ If a config file is found, read it in.
    if err := viper.ReadInConfig(); err == nil {
		/ stderr, so if we redirect output to json file, this doesn't appear
		/ fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr, "Using config file:", viper.ConfigFileUsed())
}

else if _, ok := err.(viper.ConfigFileNotFoundError); !ok {
		/ ignore not found error, return other errors
		return err
}

return nil
}

func validateOutput(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string)

error {
	/ validate output format
    output := viper.GetString(OutputFlag)
    switch output {
    case "text", "json":
	default:
		return fmt.Errorf("unsupported output format: %s", output)
}

return nil
}

See an example of main function from the simapp application, the Cosmos SDK’s application for demo purposes:

package main

import (

	"fmt"
    "os"

	clientv2helpers "cosmossdk.io/client/v2/helpers"
    "cosmossdk.io/simapp"
    "cosmossdk.io/simapp/simd/cmd"

	svrcmd "github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/server/cmd"
)

func main() {
    rootCmd := cmd.NewRootCmd()
    if err := svrcmd.Execute(rootCmd, clientv2helpers.EnvPrefix, simapp.DefaultNodeHome); err != nil {
    fmt.Fprintln(rootCmd.OutOrStderr(), err)

os.Exit(1)
}
}

start command

The start command is defined in the /server folder of the Cosmos SDK. It is added to the root command of the full-node client in the main function and called by the end-user to start their node:

# For an example app named "app", the following command starts the full-node.
appd start

# Using the Cosmos SDK's own simapp, the following commands start the simapp node.
simd start

As a reminder, the full-node is composed of three conceptual layers: the networking layer, the consensus layer and the application layer. The first two are generally bundled together in an entity called the consensus engine (CometBFT by default), while the third is the state-machine defined with the help of the Cosmos SDK. Currently, the Cosmos SDK uses CometBFT as the default consensus engine, meaning the start command is implemented to boot up a CometBFT node.

The flow of the start command is pretty straightforward. First, it retrieves the config from the context in order to open the db (a leveldb instance by default). This db contains the latest known state of the application (empty if the application is started from the first time.

With the db, the start command creates a new instance of the application using an appCreator function:

package server

import (

	"bufio"
    "context"
    "fmt"
    "io"
    "net"
    "os"
    "path/filepath"
    "runtime/pprof"
    "strings"
    "time"
    "github.com/cometbft/cometbft/abci/server"
	cmtcmd "github.com/cometbft/cometbft/cmd/cometbft/commands"
	cmtcfg "github.com/cometbft/cometbft/config"
	cmtjson "github.com/cometbft/cometbft/libs/json"
    "github.com/cometbft/cometbft/node"
    "github.com/cometbft/cometbft/p2p"
	pvm "github.com/cometbft/cometbft/privval"
	cmtstate "github.com/cometbft/cometbft/proto/tendermint/state"
	cmtproto "github.com/cometbft/cometbft/proto/tendermint/types"
    "github.com/cometbft/cometbft/proxy"
	rpchttp "github.com/cometbft/cometbft/rpc/client/http"
    "github.com/cometbft/cometbft/rpc/client/local"
	sm "github.com/cometbft/cometbft/state"
    "github.com/cometbft/cometbft/store"
	cmttypes "github.com/cometbft/cometbft/types"
	dbm "github.com/cosmos/cosmos-db"
    "github.com/hashicorp/go-metrics"
    "github.com/spf13/cobra"
    "github.com/spf13/pflag"
    "golang.org/x/sync/errgroup"
    "google.golang.org/grpc"
    "google.golang.org/grpc/credentials/insecure"

	pruningtypes "cosmossdk.io/store/pruning/types"
    "github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/client"
    "github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/client/flags"
    "github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/codec"
    "github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/server/api"
	serverconfig "github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/server/config"
	servergrpc "github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/server/grpc"
	servercmtlog "github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/server/log"
    "github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/server/types"
    "github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/telemetry"
    "github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/types/mempool"
    "github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/version"
	genutiltypes "github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/x/genutil/types"
)

const (
	/ CometBFT full-node start flags
	flagWithComet          = "with-comet"
	flagAddress            = "address"
	flagTransport          = "transport"
	flagTraceStore         = "trace-store"
	flagCPUProfile         = "cpu-profile"
	FlagMinGasPrices       = "minimum-gas-prices"
	FlagQueryGasLimit      = "query-gas-limit"
	FlagHaltHeight         = "halt-height"
	FlagHaltTime           = "halt-time"
	FlagInterBlockCache    = "inter-block-cache"
	FlagUnsafeSkipUpgrades = "unsafe-skip-upgrades"
	FlagTrace              = "trace"
	FlagInvCheckPeriod     = "inv-check-period"

	FlagPruning             = "pruning"
	FlagPruningKeepRecent   = "pruning-keep-recent"
	FlagPruningInterval     = "pruning-interval"
	FlagIndexEvents         = "index-events"
	FlagMinRetainBlocks     = "min-retain-blocks"
	FlagIAVLCacheSize       = "iavl-cache-size"
	FlagDisableIAVLFastNode = "iavl-disable-fastnode"
	FlagIAVLSyncPruning     = "iavl-sync-pruning"
	FlagShutdownGrace       = "shutdown-grace"

	/ state sync-related flags
	FlagStateSyncSnapshotInterval   = "state-sync.snapshot-interval"
	FlagStateSyncSnapshotKeepRecent = "state-sync.snapshot-keep-recent"

	/ api-related flags
	FlagAPIEnable             = "api.enable"
	FlagAPISwagger            = "api.swagger"
	FlagAPIAddress            = "api.address"
	FlagAPIMaxOpenConnections = "api.max-open-connections"
	FlagRPCReadTimeout        = "api.rpc-read-timeout"
	FlagRPCWriteTimeout       = "api.rpc-write-timeout"
	FlagRPCMaxBodyBytes       = "api.rpc-max-body-bytes"
	FlagAPIEnableUnsafeCORS   = "api.enabled-unsafe-cors"

	/ gRPC-related flags
	flagGRPCOnly            = "grpc-only"
	flagGRPCEnable          = "grpc.enable"
	flagGRPCAddress         = "grpc.address"
	flagGRPCWebEnable       = "grpc-web.enable"
	flagGRPCSkipCheckHeader = "grpc.skip-check-header"

	/ mempool flags
	FlagMempoolMaxTxs = "mempool.max-txs"

	/ testnet keys
	KeyIsTestnet             = "is-testnet"
	KeyNewChainID            = "new-chain-ID"
	KeyNewOpAddr             = "new-operator-addr"
	KeyNewValAddr            = "new-validator-addr"
	KeyUserPubKey            = "user-pub-key"
	KeyTriggerTestnetUpgrade = "trigger-testnet-upgrade"
)

/ StartCmdOptions defines options that can be customized in `StartCmdWithOptions`,
type StartCmdOptions struct {
	/ DBOpener can be used to customize db opening, for example customize db options or support different db backends,
	/ default to the builtin db opener.
	DBOpener func(rootDir string, backendType dbm.BackendType) (dbm.DB, error)
	/ PostSetup can be used to setup extra services under the same cancellable context,
	/ it's not called in stand-alone mode, only for in-process mode.
	PostSetup func(svrCtx *Context, clientCtx client.Context, ctx context.Context, g *errgroup.Group)

error
	/ PostSetupStandalone can be used to setup extra services under the same cancellable context,
	PostSetupStandalone func(svrCtx *Context, clientCtx client.Context, ctx context.Context, g *errgroup.Group)

error
	/ AddFlags add custom flags to start cmd
	AddFlags func(cmd *cobra.Command)
	/ StartCommandHanlder can be used to customize the start command handler
	StartCommandHandler func(svrCtx *Context, clientCtx client.Context, appCreator types.AppCreator, inProcessConsensus bool, opts StartCmdOptions)

error
}

/ StartCmd runs the service passed in, either stand-alone or in-process with
/ CometBFT.
func StartCmd(appCreator types.AppCreator, defaultNodeHome string) *cobra.Command {
    return StartCmdWithOptions(appCreator, defaultNodeHome, StartCmdOptions{
})
}

/ StartCmdWithOptions runs the service passed in, either stand-alone or in-process with
/ CometBFT.
func StartCmdWithOptions(appCreator types.AppCreator, defaultNodeHome string, opts StartCmdOptions) *cobra.Command {
    if opts.DBOpener == nil {
    opts.DBOpener = openDB
}
    if opts.StartCommandHandler == nil {
    opts.StartCommandHandler = start
}
    cmd := &cobra.Command{
    Use:   "start",
    Short: "Run the full node",
    Long: `Run the full node application with CometBFT in or out of process. By
default, the application will run with CometBFT in process.

Pruning options can be provided via the '--pruning' flag or alternatively with '--pruning-keep-recent', and
'pruning-interval' together.

For '--pruning' the options are as follows:

default: the last 362880 states are kept, pruning at 10 block intervals
nothing: all historic states will be saved, nothing will be deleted (i.e. archiving node)

everything: 2 latest states will be kept; pruning at 10 block intervals.
custom: allow pruning options to be manually specified through 'pruning-keep-recent', and 'pruning-interval'

Node halting configurations exist in the form of two flags: '--halt-height' and '--halt-time'. During
the ABCI Commit phase, the node will check if the current block height is greater than or equal to
the halt-height or if the current block time is greater than or equal to the halt-time. If so, the
node will attempt to gracefully shutdown and the block will not be committed. In addition, the node
will not be able to commit subsequent blocks.

For profiling and benchmarking purposes, CPU profiling can be enabled via the '--cpu-profile' flag
which accepts a path for the resulting pprof file.

The node may be started in a 'query only' mode where only the gRPC and JSON HTTP
API services are enabled via the 'grpc-only' flag. In this mode, CometBFT is
bypassed and can be used when legacy queries are needed after an on-chain upgrade
is performed. Note, when enabled, gRPC will also be automatically enabled.
`,
    RunE: func(cmd *cobra.Command, _ []string)

error {
    serverCtx := GetServerContextFromCmd(cmd)

			_, err := GetPruningOptionsFromFlags(serverCtx.Viper)
    if err != nil {
    return err
}

clientCtx, err := client.GetClientQueryContext(cmd)
    if err != nil {
    return err
}

withCMT, _ := cmd.Flags().GetBool(flagWithComet)
    if !withCMT {
    serverCtx.Logger.Info("starting ABCI without CometBFT")
}

err = wrapCPUProfile(serverCtx, func()

error {
    return opts.StartCommandHandler(serverCtx, clientCtx, appCreator, withCMT, opts)
})

serverCtx.Logger.Debug("received quit signal")

graceDuration, _ := cmd.Flags().GetDuration(FlagShutdownGrace)
    if graceDuration > 0 {
    serverCtx.Logger.Info("graceful shutdown start", FlagShutdownGrace, graceDuration)
				<-time.After(graceDuration)

serverCtx.Logger.Info("graceful shutdown complete")
}

return err
},
}

cmd.Flags().String(flags.FlagHome, defaultNodeHome, "The application home directory")

addStartNodeFlags(cmd, opts)

return cmd
}

func start(svrCtx *Context, clientCtx client.Context, appCreator types.AppCreator, withCmt bool, opts StartCmdOptions)

error {
    svrCfg, err := getAndValidateConfig(svrCtx)
    if err != nil {
    return err
}

app, appCleanupFn, err := startApp(svrCtx, appCreator, opts)
    if err != nil {
    return err
}

defer appCleanupFn()

metrics, err := startTelemetry(svrCfg)
    if err != nil {
    return err
}

emitServerInfoMetrics()
    if !withCmt {
    return startStandAlone(svrCtx, svrCfg, clientCtx, app, metrics, opts)
}

return startInProcess(svrCtx, svrCfg, clientCtx, app, metrics, opts)
}

func startStandAlone(svrCtx *Context, svrCfg serverconfig.Config, clientCtx client.Context, app types.Application, metrics *telemetry.Metrics, opts StartCmdOptions)

error {
    addr := svrCtx.Viper.GetString(flagAddress)
    transport := svrCtx.Viper.GetString(flagTransport)
    cmtApp := NewCometABCIWrapper(app)

svr, err := server.NewServer(addr, transport, cmtApp)
    if err != nil {
    return fmt.Errorf("error creating listener: %w", err)
}

svr.SetLogger(servercmtlog.CometLoggerWrapper{
    Logger: svrCtx.Logger.With("module", "abci-server")
})

g, ctx := getCtx(svrCtx, false)

	/ Add the tx service to the gRPC router. We only need to register this
	/ service if API or gRPC is enabled, and avoid doing so in the general
	/ case, because it spawns a new local CometBFT RPC client.
    if svrCfg.API.Enable || svrCfg.GRPC.Enable {
		/ create tendermint client
		/ assumes the rpc listen address is where tendermint has its rpc server
		rpcclient, err := rpchttp.New(svrCtx.Config.RPC.ListenAddress, "/websocket")
    if err != nil {
    return err
}
		/ re-assign for making the client available below
		/ do not use := to avoid shadowing clientCtx
		clientCtx = clientCtx.WithClient(rpcclient)

		/ use the provided clientCtx to register the services
		app.RegisterTxService(clientCtx)

app.RegisterTendermintService(clientCtx)

app.RegisterNodeService(clientCtx, svrCfg)
}

grpcSrv, clientCtx, err := startGrpcServer(ctx, g, svrCfg.GRPC, clientCtx, svrCtx, app)
    if err != nil {
    return err
}

err = startAPIServer(ctx, g, svrCfg, clientCtx, svrCtx, app, svrCtx.Config.RootDir, grpcSrv, metrics)
    if err != nil {
    return err
}
    if opts.PostSetupStandalone != nil {
    if err := opts.PostSetupStandalone(svrCtx, clientCtx, ctx, g); err != nil {
    return err
}

}

g.Go(func()

error {
    if err := svr.Start(); err != nil {
    svrCtx.Logger.Error("failed to start out-of-process ABCI server", "err", err)

return err
}

		/ Wait for the calling process to be canceled or close the provided context,
		/ so we can gracefully stop the ABCI server.
		<-ctx.Done()

svrCtx.Logger.Info("stopping the ABCI server...")

return svr.Stop()
})

return g.Wait()
}

func startInProcess(svrCtx *Context, svrCfg serverconfig.Config, clientCtx client.Context, app types.Application,
	metrics *telemetry.Metrics, opts StartCmdOptions,
)

error {
    cmtCfg := svrCtx.Config
    gRPCOnly := svrCtx.Viper.GetBool(flagGRPCOnly)

g, ctx := getCtx(svrCtx, true)
    if gRPCOnly {
		/ TODO: Generalize logic so that gRPC only is really in startStandAlone
		svrCtx.Logger.Info("starting node in gRPC only mode; CometBFT is disabled")

svrCfg.GRPC.Enable = true
}

else {
    svrCtx.Logger.Info("starting node with ABCI CometBFT in-process")

tmNode, cleanupFn, err := startCmtNode(ctx, cmtCfg, app, svrCtx)
    if err != nil {
    return err
}

defer cleanupFn()

		/ Add the tx service to the gRPC router. We only need to register this
		/ service if API or gRPC is enabled, and avoid doing so in the general
		/ case, because it spawns a new local CometBFT RPC client.
    if svrCfg.API.Enable || svrCfg.GRPC.Enable {
			/ Re-assign for making the client available below do not use := to avoid
			/ shadowing the clientCtx variable.
			clientCtx = clientCtx.WithClient(local.New(tmNode))

app.RegisterTxService(clientCtx)

app.RegisterTendermintService(clientCtx)

app.RegisterNodeService(clientCtx, svrCfg)
}

}

grpcSrv, clientCtx, err := startGrpcServer(ctx, g, svrCfg.GRPC, clientCtx, svrCtx, app)
    if err != nil {
    return err
}

err = startAPIServer(ctx, g, svrCfg, clientCtx, svrCtx, app, cmtCfg.RootDir, grpcSrv, metrics)
    if err != nil {
    return err
}
    if opts.PostSetup != nil {
    if err := opts.PostSetup(svrCtx, clientCtx, ctx, g); err != nil {
    return err
}

}

	/ wait for signal capture and gracefully return
	/ we are guaranteed to be waiting for the "ListenForQuitSignals" goroutine.
	return g.Wait()
}

/ TODO: Move nodeKey into being created within the function.
func startCmtNode(
	ctx context.Context,
	cfg *cmtcfg.Config,
	app types.Application,
	svrCtx *Context,
) (tmNode *node.Node, cleanupFn func(), err error) {
    nodeKey, err := p2p.LoadOrGenNodeKey(cfg.NodeKeyFile())
    if err != nil {
    return nil, cleanupFn, err
}
    cmtApp := NewCometABCIWrapper(app)

tmNode, err = node.NewNodeWithContext(
		ctx,
		cfg,
		pvm.LoadOrGenFilePV(cfg.PrivValidatorKeyFile(), cfg.PrivValidatorStateFile()),
		nodeKey,
		proxy.NewLocalClientCreator(cmtApp),
		getGenDocProvider(cfg),
		cmtcfg.DefaultDBProvider,
		node.DefaultMetricsProvider(cfg.Instrumentation),
		servercmtlog.CometLoggerWrapper{
    Logger: svrCtx.Logger
},
	)
    if err != nil {
    return tmNode, cleanupFn, err
}
    if err := tmNode.Start(); err != nil {
    return tmNode, cleanupFn, err
}

cleanupFn = func() {
    if tmNode != nil && tmNode.IsRunning() {
			_ = tmNode.Stop()
}

}

return tmNode, cleanupFn, nil
}

func getAndValidateConfig(svrCtx *Context) (serverconfig.Config, error) {
    config, err := serverconfig.GetConfig(svrCtx.Viper)
    if err != nil {
    return config, err
}
    if err := config.ValidateBasic(); err != nil {
    return config, err
}

return config, nil
}

/ returns a function which returns the genesis doc from the genesis file.
func getGenDocProvider(cfg *cmtcfg.Config)

func() (*cmttypes.GenesisDoc, error) {
    return func() (*cmttypes.GenesisDoc, error) {
    appGenesis, err := genutiltypes.AppGenesisFromFile(cfg.GenesisFile())
    if err != nil {
    return nil, err
}

return appGenesis.ToGenesisDoc()
}
}

func setupTraceWriter(svrCtx *Context) (traceWriter io.WriteCloser, cleanup func(), err error) {
	/ clean up the traceWriter when the server is shutting down
	cleanup = func() {
}
    traceWriterFile := svrCtx.Viper.GetString(flagTraceStore)

traceWriter, err = openTraceWriter(traceWriterFile)
    if err != nil {
    return traceWriter, cleanup, err
}

	/ if flagTraceStore is not used then traceWriter is nil
    if traceWriter != nil {
    cleanup = func() {
    if err = traceWriter.Close(); err != nil {
    svrCtx.Logger.Error("failed to close trace writer", "err", err)
}

}

}

return traceWriter, cleanup, nil
}

func startGrpcServer(
	ctx context.Context,
	g *errgroup.Group,
	config serverconfig.GRPCConfig,
	clientCtx client.Context,
	svrCtx *Context,
	app types.Application,
) (*grpc.Server, client.Context, error) {
    if !config.Enable {
		/ return grpcServer as nil if gRPC is disabled
		return nil, clientCtx, nil
}
	_, _, err := net.SplitHostPort(config.Address)
    if err != nil {
    return nil, clientCtx, err
}
    maxSendMsgSize := config.MaxSendMsgSize
    if maxSendMsgSize == 0 {
    maxSendMsgSize = serverconfig.DefaultGRPCMaxSendMsgSize
}
    maxRecvMsgSize := config.MaxRecvMsgSize
    if maxRecvMsgSize == 0 {
    maxRecvMsgSize = serverconfig.DefaultGRPCMaxRecvMsgSize
}

	/ if gRPC is enabled, configure gRPC client for gRPC gateway
	grpcClient, err := grpc.Dial( /nolint: staticcheck / ignore this line for this linter
		config.Address,
		grpc.WithTransportCredentials(insecure.NewCredentials()),
		grpc.WithDefaultCallOptions(
			grpc.ForceCodec(codec.NewProtoCodec(clientCtx.InterfaceRegistry).GRPCCodec()),
			grpc.MaxCallRecvMsgSize(maxRecvMsgSize),
			grpc.MaxCallSendMsgSize(maxSendMsgSize),
		),
	)
    if err != nil {
    return nil, clientCtx, err
}

clientCtx = clientCtx.WithGRPCClient(grpcClient)

svrCtx.Logger.Debug("gRPC client assigned to client context", "target", config.Address)

grpcSrv, err := servergrpc.NewGRPCServer(clientCtx, app, config)
    if err != nil {
    return nil, clientCtx, err
}

	/ Start the gRPC server in a goroutine. Note, the provided ctx will ensure
	/ that the server is gracefully shut down.
	g.Go(func()

error {
    return servergrpc.StartGRPCServer(ctx, svrCtx.Logger.With("module", "grpc-server"), config, grpcSrv)
})

return grpcSrv, clientCtx, nil
}

func startAPIServer(
	ctx context.Context,
	g *errgroup.Group,
	svrCfg serverconfig.Config,
	clientCtx client.Context,
	svrCtx *Context,
	app types.Application,
	home string,
	grpcSrv *grpc.Server,
	metrics *telemetry.Metrics,
)

error {
    if !svrCfg.API.Enable {
    return nil
}

clientCtx = clientCtx.WithHomeDir(home)
    apiSrv := api.New(clientCtx, svrCtx.Logger.With("module", "api-server"), grpcSrv)

app.RegisterAPIRoutes(apiSrv, svrCfg.API)
    if svrCfg.Telemetry.Enabled {
    apiSrv.SetTelemetry(metrics)
}

g.Go(func()

error {
    return apiSrv.Start(ctx, svrCfg)
})

return nil
}

func startTelemetry(cfg serverconfig.Config) (*telemetry.Metrics, error) {
    return telemetry.New(cfg.Telemetry)
}

/ wrapCPUProfile starts CPU profiling, if enabled, and executes the provided
/ callbackFn in a separate goroutine, then will wait for that callback to
/ return.
/
/ NOTE: We expect the caller to handle graceful shutdown and signal handling.
func wrapCPUProfile(svrCtx *Context, callbackFn func()

error)

error {
    if cpuProfile := svrCtx.Viper.GetString(flagCPUProfile); cpuProfile != "" {
    f, err := os.Create(cpuProfile)
    if err != nil {
    return err
}

svrCtx.Logger.Info("starting CPU profiler", "profile", cpuProfile)
    if err := pprof.StartCPUProfile(f); err != nil {
    return err
}

defer func() {
    svrCtx.Logger.Info("stopping CPU profiler", "profile", cpuProfile)

pprof.StopCPUProfile()
    if err := f.Close(); err != nil {
    svrCtx.Logger.Info("failed to close cpu-profile file", "profile", cpuProfile, "err", err.Error())
}

}()
}

return callbackFn()
}

/ emitServerInfoMetrics emits server info related metrics using application telemetry.
func emitServerInfoMetrics() {
    var ls []metrics.Label
    versionInfo := version.NewInfo()
    if len(versionInfo.GoVersion) > 0 {
    ls = append(ls, telemetry.NewLabel("go", versionInfo.GoVersion))
}
    if len(versionInfo.CosmosSdkVersion) > 0 {
    ls = append(ls, telemetry.NewLabel("version", versionInfo.CosmosSdkVersion))
}
    if len(ls) == 0 {
    return
}

telemetry.SetGaugeWithLabels([]string{"server", "info"
}, 1, ls)
}

func getCtx(svrCtx *Context, block bool) (*errgroup.Group, context.Context) {
    ctx, cancelFn := context.WithCancel(context.Background())

g, ctx := errgroup.WithContext(ctx)
	/ listen for quit signals so the calling parent process can gracefully exit
	ListenForQuitSignals(g, block, cancelFn, svrCtx.Logger)

return g, ctx
}

func startApp(svrCtx *Context, appCreator types.AppCreator, opts StartCmdOptions) (app types.Application, cleanupFn func(), err error) {
    traceWriter, traceCleanupFn, err := setupTraceWriter(svrCtx)
    if err != nil {
    return app, traceCleanupFn, err
}
    home := svrCtx.Config.RootDir
	db, err := opts.DBOpener(home, GetAppDBBackend(svrCtx.Viper))
    if err != nil {
    return app, traceCleanupFn, err
}
    if isTestnet, ok := svrCtx.Viper.Get(KeyIsTestnet).(bool); ok && isTestnet {
    app, err = testnetify(svrCtx, appCreator, db, traceWriter)
    if err != nil {
    return app, traceCleanupFn, err
}

}

else {
    app = appCreator(svrCtx.Logger, db, traceWriter, svrCtx.Viper)
}

cleanupFn = func() {
    traceCleanupFn()
    if localErr := app.Close(); localErr != nil {
    svrCtx.Logger.Error(localErr.Error())
}

}

return app, cleanupFn, nil
}

/ InPlaceTestnetCreator utilizes the provided chainID and operatorAddress as well as the local private validator key to
/ control the network represented in the data folder. This is useful to create testnets nearly identical to your
/ mainnet environment.
func InPlaceTestnetCreator(testnetAppCreator types.AppCreator) *cobra.Command {
    opts := StartCmdOptions{
}
    if opts.DBOpener == nil {
    opts.DBOpener = openDB
}
    if opts.StartCommandHandler == nil {
    opts.StartCommandHandler = start
}
    cmd := &cobra.Command{
    Use:   "in-place-testnet [newChainID] [newOperatorAddress]",
    Short: "Create and start a testnet from current local state",
    Long: `Create and start a testnet from current local state.
After utilizing this command the network will start. If the network is stopped,
the normal "start" command should be used. Re-using this command on state that
has already been modified by this command could result in unexpected behavior.

Additionally, the first block may take up to one minute to be committed, depending
on how old the block is. For instance, if a snapshot was taken weeks ago and we want
to turn this into a testnet, it is possible lots of pending state needs to be committed
(expiring locks, etc.). It is recommended that you should wait for this block to be committed
before stopping the daemon.

If the --trigger-testnet-upgrade flag is set, the upgrade handler specified by the flag will be run
on the first block of the testnet.

Regardless of whether the flag is set or not, if any new stores are introduced in the daemon being run,
those stores will be registered in order to prevent panics. Therefore, you only need to set the flag if
you want to test the upgrade handler itself.
`,
    Example: "in-place-testnet localosmosis osmo12smx2wdlyttvyzvzg54y2vnqwq2qjateuf7thj",
    Args:    cobra.ExactArgs(2),
    RunE: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string)

error {
    serverCtx := GetServerContextFromCmd(cmd)
			_, err := GetPruningOptionsFromFlags(serverCtx.Viper)
    if err != nil {
    return err
}

clientCtx, err := client.GetClientQueryContext(cmd)
    if err != nil {
    return err
}

withCMT, _ := cmd.Flags().GetBool(flagWithComet)
    if !withCMT {
    serverCtx.Logger.Info("starting ABCI without CometBFT")
}
    newChainID := args[0]
    newOperatorAddress := args[1]

			skipConfirmation, _ := cmd.Flags().GetBool("skip-confirmation")
    if !skipConfirmation {
				/ Confirmation prompt to prevent accidental modification of state.
    reader := bufio.NewReader(os.Stdin)

fmt.Println("This operation will modify state in your data folder and cannot be undone. Do you want to continue? (y/n)")

text, _ := reader.ReadString('\n')
    response := strings.TrimSpace(strings.ToLower(text))
    if response != "y" && response != "yes" {
    fmt.Println("Operation canceled.")

return nil
}

}

			/ Set testnet keys to be used by the application.
			/ This is done to prevent changes to existing start API.
			serverCtx.Viper.Set(KeyIsTestnet, true)

serverCtx.Viper.Set(KeyNewChainID, newChainID)

serverCtx.Viper.Set(KeyNewOpAddr, newOperatorAddress)

err = wrapCPUProfile(serverCtx, func()

error {
    return opts.StartCommandHandler(serverCtx, clientCtx, testnetAppCreator, withCMT, opts)
})

serverCtx.Logger.Debug("received quit signal")

graceDuration, _ := cmd.Flags().GetDuration(FlagShutdownGrace)
    if graceDuration > 0 {
    serverCtx.Logger.Info("graceful shutdown start", FlagShutdownGrace, graceDuration)
				<-time.After(graceDuration)

serverCtx.Logger.Info("graceful shutdown complete")
}

return err
},
}

addStartNodeFlags(cmd, opts)

cmd.Flags().String(KeyTriggerTestnetUpgrade, "", "If set (example: \"v21\"), triggers the v21 upgrade handler to run on the first block of the testnet")

cmd.Flags().Bool("skip-confirmation", false, "Skip the confirmation prompt")

return cmd
}

/ testnetify modifies both state and blockStore, allowing the provided operator address and local validator key to control the network
/ that the state in the data folder represents. The chainID of the local genesis file is modified to match the provided chainID.
func testnetify(ctx *Context, testnetAppCreator types.AppCreator, db dbm.DB, traceWriter io.WriteCloser) (types.Application, error) {
    config := ctx.Config

	newChainID, ok := ctx.Viper.Get(KeyNewChainID).(string)
    if !ok {
    return nil, fmt.Errorf("expected string for key %s", KeyNewChainID)
}

	/ Modify app genesis chain ID and save to genesis file.
    genFilePath := config.GenesisFile()

appGen, err := genutiltypes.AppGenesisFromFile(genFilePath)
    if err != nil {
    return nil, err
}

appGen.ChainID = newChainID
    if err := appGen.ValidateAndComplete(); err != nil {
    return nil, err
}
    if err := appGen.SaveAs(genFilePath); err != nil {
    return nil, err
}

	/ Regenerate addrbook.json to prevent peers on old network from causing error logs.
    addrBookPath := filepath.Join(config.RootDir, "config", "addrbook.json")
    if err := os.Remove(addrBookPath); err != nil && !os.IsNotExist(err) {
    return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to remove existing addrbook.json: %w", err)
}
    emptyAddrBook := []byte("{
}")
    if err := os.WriteFile(addrBookPath, emptyAddrBook, 0o600); err != nil {
    return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to create empty addrbook.json: %w", err)
}

	/ Load the comet genesis doc provider.
    genDocProvider := node.DefaultGenesisDocProviderFunc(config)

	/ Initialize blockStore and stateDB.
	blockStoreDB, err := cmtcfg.DefaultDBProvider(&cmtcfg.DBContext{
    ID: "blockstore",
    Config: config
})
    if err != nil {
    return nil, err
}
    blockStore := store.NewBlockStore(blockStoreDB)

stateDB, err := cmtcfg.DefaultDBProvider(&cmtcfg.DBContext{
    ID: "state",
    Config: config
})
    if err != nil {
    return nil, err
}

defer blockStore.Close()

defer stateDB.Close()
    privValidator := pvm.LoadOrGenFilePV(config.PrivValidatorKeyFile(), config.PrivValidatorStateFile())

userPubKey, err := privValidator.GetPubKey()
    if err != nil {
    return nil, err
}
    validatorAddress := userPubKey.Address()
    stateStore := sm.NewStore(stateDB, sm.StoreOptions{
    DiscardABCIResponses: config.Storage.DiscardABCIResponses,
})

state, genDoc, err := node.LoadStateFromDBOrGenesisDocProvider(stateDB, genDocProvider)
    if err != nil {
    return nil, err
}

ctx.Viper.Set(KeyNewValAddr, validatorAddress)

ctx.Viper.Set(KeyUserPubKey, userPubKey)
    testnetApp := testnetAppCreator(ctx.Logger, db, traceWriter, ctx.Viper)

	/ We need to create a temporary proxyApp to get the initial state of the application.
	/ Depending on how the node was stopped, the application height can differ from the blockStore height.
	/ This height difference changes how we go about modifying the state.
    cmtApp := NewCometABCIWrapper(testnetApp)
	_, context := getCtx(ctx, true)
    clientCreator := proxy.NewLocalClientCreator(cmtApp)
    metrics := node.DefaultMetricsProvider(cmtcfg.DefaultConfig().Instrumentation)
	_, _, _, _, proxyMetrics, _, _ := metrics(genDoc.ChainID)
    proxyApp := proxy.NewAppConns(clientCreator, proxyMetrics)
    if err := proxyApp.Start(); err != nil {
    return nil, fmt.Errorf("error starting proxy app connections: %w", err)
}

res, err := proxyApp.Query().Info(context, proxy.RequestInfo)
    if err != nil {
    return nil, fmt.Errorf("error calling Info: %w", err)
}

err = proxyApp.Stop()
    if err != nil {
    return nil, err
}
    appHash := res.LastBlockAppHash
    appHeight := res.LastBlockHeight

	var block *cmttypes.Block
    switch {
    case appHeight == blockStore.Height():
		block = blockStore.LoadBlock(blockStore.Height())
		/ If the state's last blockstore height does not match the app and blockstore height, we likely stopped with the halt height flag.
    if state.LastBlockHeight != appHeight {
    state.LastBlockHeight = appHeight
			block.AppHash = appHash
			state.AppHash = appHash
}

else {
			/ Node was likely stopped via SIGTERM, delete the next block's seen commit
    err := blockStoreDB.Delete(fmt.Appendf(nil, "SC:%v", blockStore.Height()+1))
    if err != nil {
    return nil, err
}

}
    case blockStore.Height() > state.LastBlockHeight:
		/ This state usually occurs when we gracefully stop the node.
		err = blockStore.DeleteLatestBlock()
    if err != nil {
    return nil, err
}

block = blockStore.LoadBlock(blockStore.Height())

default:
		/ If there is any other state, we just load the block
		block = blockStore.LoadBlock(blockStore.Height())
}

block.ChainID = newChainID
	state.ChainID = newChainID

	block.LastBlockID = state.LastBlockID
	block.LastCommit.BlockID = state.LastBlockID

	/ Create a vote from our validator
    vote := cmttypes.Vote{
    Type:             cmtproto.PrecommitType,
    Height:           state.LastBlockHeight,
    Round:            0,
    BlockID:          state.LastBlockID,
    Timestamp:        time.Now(),
    ValidatorAddress: validatorAddress,
    ValidatorIndex:   0,
    Signature:        []byte{
},
}

	/ Sign the vote, and copy the proto changes from the act of signing to the vote itself
    voteProto := vote.ToProto()

err = privValidator.SignVote(newChainID, voteProto)
    if err != nil {
    return nil, err
}

vote.Signature = voteProto.Signature
	vote.Timestamp = voteProto.Timestamp

	/ Modify the block's lastCommit to be signed only by our validator
	block.LastCommit.Signatures[0].ValidatorAddress = validatorAddress
	block.LastCommit.Signatures[0].Signature = vote.Signature
	block.LastCommit.Signatures = []cmttypes.CommitSig{
    block.LastCommit.Signatures[0]
}

	/ Load the seenCommit of the lastBlockHeight and modify it to be signed from our validator
    seenCommit := blockStore.LoadSeenCommit(state.LastBlockHeight)

seenCommit.BlockID = state.LastBlockID
	seenCommit.Round = vote.Round
	seenCommit.Signatures[0].Signature = vote.Signature
	seenCommit.Signatures[0].ValidatorAddress = validatorAddress
	seenCommit.Signatures[0].Timestamp = vote.Timestamp
	seenCommit.Signatures = []cmttypes.CommitSig{
    seenCommit.Signatures[0]
}

err = blockStore.SaveSeenCommit(state.LastBlockHeight, seenCommit)
    if err != nil {
    return nil, err
}

	/ Create ValidatorSet struct containing just our valdiator.
    newVal := &cmttypes.Validator{
    Address:     validatorAddress,
    PubKey:      userPubKey,
    VotingPower: 900000000000000,
}
    newValSet := &cmttypes.ValidatorSet{
    Validators: []*cmttypes.Validator{
    newVal
},
    Proposer:   newVal,
}

	/ Replace all valSets in state to be the valSet with just our validator.
	state.Validators = newValSet
	state.LastValidators = newValSet
	state.NextValidators = newValSet
	state.LastHeightValidatorsChanged = blockStore.Height()

err = stateStore.Save(state)
    if err != nil {
    return nil, err
}

	/ Create a ValidatorsInfo struct to store in stateDB.
	valSet, err := state.Validators.ToProto()
    if err != nil {
    return nil, err
}
    valInfo := &cmtstate.ValidatorsInfo{
    ValidatorSet:      valSet,
    LastHeightChanged: state.LastBlockHeight,
}

buf, err := valInfo.Marshal()
    if err != nil {
    return nil, err
}

	/ Modfiy Validators stateDB entry.
	err = stateDB.Set(fmt.Appendf(nil, "validatorsKey:%v", blockStore.Height()), buf)
    if err != nil {
    return nil, err
}

	/ Modify LastValidators stateDB entry.
	err = stateDB.Set(fmt.Appendf(nil, "validatorsKey:%v", blockStore.Height()-1), buf)
    if err != nil {
    return nil, err
}

	/ Modify NextValidators stateDB entry.
	err = stateDB.Set(fmt.Appendf(nil, "validatorsKey:%v", blockStore.Height()+1), buf)
    if err != nil {
    return nil, err
}

	/ Since we modified the chainID, we set the new genesisDoc in the stateDB.
	b, err := cmtjson.Marshal(genDoc)
    if err != nil {
    return nil, err
}
    if err := stateDB.SetSync([]byte("genesisDoc"), b); err != nil {
    return nil, err
}

return testnetApp, err
}

/ addStartNodeFlags should be added to any CLI commands that start the network.
func addStartNodeFlags(cmd *cobra.Command, opts StartCmdOptions) {
    cmd.Flags().Bool(flagWithComet, true, "Run abci app embedded in-process with CometBFT")

cmd.Flags().String(flagAddress, "tcp://127.0.0.1:26658", "Listen address")

cmd.Flags().String(flagTransport, "socket", "Transport protocol: socket, grpc")

cmd.Flags().String(flagTraceStore, "", "Enable KVStore tracing to an output file")

cmd.Flags().String(FlagMinGasPrices, "", "Minimum gas prices to accept for transactions; Any fee in a tx must meet this minimum (e.g. 0.01photino;0.0001stake)")

cmd.Flags().Uint64(FlagQueryGasLimit, 0, "Maximum gas a Rest/Grpc query can consume. Blank and 0 imply unbounded.")

cmd.Flags().IntSlice(FlagUnsafeSkipUpgrades, []int{
}, "Skip a set of upgrade heights to continue the old binary")

cmd.Flags().Uint64(FlagHaltHeight, 0, "Block height at which to gracefully halt the chain and shutdown the node")

cmd.Flags().Uint64(FlagHaltTime, 0, "Minimum block time (in Unix seconds)

at which to gracefully halt the chain and shutdown the node")

cmd.Flags().Bool(FlagInterBlockCache, true, "Enable inter-block caching")

cmd.Flags().String(flagCPUProfile, "", "Enable CPU profiling and write to the provided file")

cmd.Flags().Bool(FlagTrace, false, "Provide full stack traces for errors in ABCI Log")

cmd.Flags().String(FlagPruning, pruningtypes.PruningOptionDefault, "Pruning strategy (default|nothing|everything|custom)")

cmd.Flags().Uint64(FlagPruningKeepRecent, 0, "Number of recent heights to keep on disk (ignored if pruning is not 'custom')")

cmd.Flags().Uint64(FlagPruningInterval, 0, "Height interval at which pruned heights are removed from disk (ignored if pruning is not 'custom')")

cmd.Flags().Uint(FlagInvCheckPeriod, 0, "Assert registered invariants every N blocks")

cmd.Flags().Uint64(FlagMinRetainBlocks, 0, "Minimum block height offset during ABCI commit to prune CometBFT blocks")

cmd.Flags().Bool(FlagAPIEnable, false, "Define if the API server should be enabled")

cmd.Flags().Bool(FlagAPISwagger, false, "Define if swagger documentation should automatically be registered (Note: the API must also be enabled)")

cmd.Flags().String(FlagAPIAddress, serverconfig.DefaultAPIAddress, "the API server address to listen on")

cmd.Flags().Uint(FlagAPIMaxOpenConnections, 1000, "Define the number of maximum open connections")

cmd.Flags().Uint(FlagRPCReadTimeout, 10, "Define the CometBFT RPC read timeout (in seconds)")

cmd.Flags().Uint(FlagRPCWriteTimeout, 0, "Define the CometBFT RPC write timeout (in seconds)")

cmd.Flags().Uint(FlagRPCMaxBodyBytes, 1000000, "Define the CometBFT maximum request body (in bytes)")

cmd.Flags().Bool(FlagAPIEnableUnsafeCORS, false, "Define if CORS should be enabled (unsafe - use it at your own risk)")

cmd.Flags().Bool(flagGRPCOnly, false, "Start the node in gRPC query only mode (no CometBFT process is started)")

cmd.Flags().Bool(flagGRPCEnable, true, "Define if the gRPC server should be enabled")

cmd.Flags().String(flagGRPCAddress, serverconfig.DefaultGRPCAddress, "the gRPC server address to listen on")

cmd.Flags().Bool(flagGRPCWebEnable, true, "Define if the gRPC-Web server should be enabled. (Note: gRPC must also be enabled)")

cmd.Flags().Uint64(FlagStateSyncSnapshotInterval, 0, "State sync snapshot interval")

cmd.Flags().Uint32(FlagStateSyncSnapshotKeepRecent, 2, "State sync snapshot to keep")

cmd.Flags().Bool(FlagDisableIAVLFastNode, false, "Disable fast node for IAVL tree")

cmd.Flags().Int(FlagMempoolMaxTxs, mempool.DefaultMaxTx, "Sets MaxTx value for the app-side mempool")

cmd.Flags().Duration(FlagShutdownGrace, 0*time.Second, "On Shutdown, duration to wait for resource clean up")

	/ support old flags name for backwards compatibility
	cmd.Flags().SetNormalizeFunc(func(f *pflag.FlagSet, name string)

pflag.NormalizedName {
    if name == "with-tendermint" {
    name = flagWithComet
}

return pflag.NormalizedName(name)
})

	/ add support for all CometBFT-specific command line options
	cmtcmd.AddNodeFlags(cmd)
    if opts.AddFlags != nil {
    opts.AddFlags(cmd)
}
}

Note that an appCreator is a function that fulfills the AppCreator signature:

package types

import (

	"encoding/json"
    "io"

	cmtproto "github.com/cometbft/cometbft/proto/tendermint/types"
	cmttypes "github.com/cometbft/cometbft/types"
	dbm "github.com/cosmos/cosmos-db"
    "github.com/cosmos/gogoproto/grpc"
    "github.com/spf13/cobra"
    "cosmossdk.io/log"
    "cosmossdk.io/store/snapshots"
	storetypes "cosmossdk.io/store/types"
    "github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/client"
    "github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/server/api"
    "github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/server/config"
)

type (
	/ AppOptions defines an interface that is passed into an application
	/ constructor, typically used to set BaseApp options that are either supplied
	/ via config file or through CLI arguments/flags. The underlying implementation
	/ is defined by the server package and is typically implemented via a Viper
	/ literal defined on the server Context. Note, casting Get calls may not yield
	/ the expected types and could result in type assertion errors. It is recommend
	/ to either use the cast package or perform manual conversion for safety.
	AppOptions interface {
    Get(string)

any
}

	/ Application defines an application interface that wraps abci.Application.
	/ The interface defines the necessary contracts to be implemented in order
	/ to fully bootstrap and start an application.
	Application interface {
    ABCI

		RegisterAPIRoutes(*api.Server, config.APIConfig)

		/ RegisterGRPCServerWithSkipCheckHeader registers gRPC services directly with the gRPC
		/ server and bypass check header flag.
		RegisterGRPCServerWithSkipCheckHeader(grpc.Server, bool)

		/ RegisterTxService registers the gRPC Query service for tx (such as tx
		/ simulation, fetching txs by hash...).
		RegisterTxService(client.Context)

		/ RegisterTendermintService registers the gRPC Query service for CometBFT queries.
		RegisterTendermintService(client.Context)

		/ RegisterNodeService registers the node gRPC Query service.
		RegisterNodeService(client.Context, config.Config)

		/ CommitMultiStore return the multistore instance
		CommitMultiStore()

storetypes.CommitMultiStore

		/ Return the snapshot manager
		SnapshotManager() *snapshots.Manager

		/ Close is called in start cmd to gracefully cleanup resources.
		/ Must be safe to be called multiple times.
		Close()

error
}

	/ AppCreator is a function that allows us to lazily initialize an
	/ application using various configurations.
	AppCreator func(log.Logger, dbm.DB, io.Writer, AppOptions)

Application

	/ ModuleInitFlags takes a start command and adds modules specific init flags.
	ModuleInitFlags func(startCmd *cobra.Command)

	/ ExportedApp represents an exported app state, along with
	/ validators, consensus params and latest app height.
	ExportedApp struct {
		/ AppState is the application state as JSON.
		AppState json.RawMessage
		/ Validators is the exported validator set.
		Validators []cmttypes.GenesisValidator
		/ Height is the app's latest block height.
		Height int64
		/ ConsensusParams are the exported consensus params for ABCI.
		ConsensusParams cmtproto.ConsensusParams
}

	/ AppExporter is a function that dumps all app state to
	/ JSON-serializable structure and returns the current validator set.
	AppExporter func(
		logger log.Logger,
		db dbm.DB,
		traceWriter io.Writer,
		height int64,
    forZeroHeight bool,
		jailAllowedAddrs []string,
		opts AppOptions,
		modulesToExport []string,
	) (ExportedApp, error)
)

In practice, the constructor of the application is passed as the appCreator.

/ Reference: https://github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/blob/v0.53.0/simapp/simd/cmd/root_v2.go#L294-L308

Then, the instance of app is used to instantiate a new CometBFT node:

package server

import (

	"bufio"
    "context"
    "fmt"
    "io"
    "net"
    "os"
    "path/filepath"
    "runtime/pprof"
    "strings"
    "time"
    "github.com/cometbft/cometbft/abci/server"
	cmtcmd "github.com/cometbft/cometbft/cmd/cometbft/commands"
	cmtcfg "github.com/cometbft/cometbft/config"
	cmtjson "github.com/cometbft/cometbft/libs/json"
    "github.com/cometbft/cometbft/node"
    "github.com/cometbft/cometbft/p2p"
	pvm "github.com/cometbft/cometbft/privval"
	cmtstate "github.com/cometbft/cometbft/proto/tendermint/state"
	cmtproto "github.com/cometbft/cometbft/proto/tendermint/types"
    "github.com/cometbft/cometbft/proxy"
	rpchttp "github.com/cometbft/cometbft/rpc/client/http"
    "github.com/cometbft/cometbft/rpc/client/local"
	sm "github.com/cometbft/cometbft/state"
    "github.com/cometbft/cometbft/store"
	cmttypes "github.com/cometbft/cometbft/types"
	dbm "github.com/cosmos/cosmos-db"
    "github.com/hashicorp/go-metrics"
    "github.com/spf13/cobra"
    "github.com/spf13/pflag"
    "golang.org/x/sync/errgroup"
    "google.golang.org/grpc"
    "google.golang.org/grpc/credentials/insecure"

	pruningtypes "cosmossdk.io/store/pruning/types"
    "github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/client"
    "github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/client/flags"
    "github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/codec"
    "github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/server/api"
	serverconfig "github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/server/config"
	servergrpc "github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/server/grpc"
	servercmtlog "github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/server/log"
    "github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/server/types"
    "github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/telemetry"
    "github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/types/mempool"
    "github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/version"
	genutiltypes "github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/x/genutil/types"
)

const (
	/ CometBFT full-node start flags
	flagWithComet          = "with-comet"
	flagAddress            = "address"
	flagTransport          = "transport"
	flagTraceStore         = "trace-store"
	flagCPUProfile         = "cpu-profile"
	FlagMinGasPrices       = "minimum-gas-prices"
	FlagQueryGasLimit      = "query-gas-limit"
	FlagHaltHeight         = "halt-height"
	FlagHaltTime           = "halt-time"
	FlagInterBlockCache    = "inter-block-cache"
	FlagUnsafeSkipUpgrades = "unsafe-skip-upgrades"
	FlagTrace              = "trace"
	FlagInvCheckPeriod     = "inv-check-period"

	FlagPruning             = "pruning"
	FlagPruningKeepRecent   = "pruning-keep-recent"
	FlagPruningInterval     = "pruning-interval"
	FlagIndexEvents         = "index-events"
	FlagMinRetainBlocks     = "min-retain-blocks"
	FlagIAVLCacheSize       = "iavl-cache-size"
	FlagDisableIAVLFastNode = "iavl-disable-fastnode"
	FlagIAVLSyncPruning     = "iavl-sync-pruning"
	FlagShutdownGrace       = "shutdown-grace"

	/ state sync-related flags
	FlagStateSyncSnapshotInterval   = "state-sync.snapshot-interval"
	FlagStateSyncSnapshotKeepRecent = "state-sync.snapshot-keep-recent"

	/ api-related flags
	FlagAPIEnable             = "api.enable"
	FlagAPISwagger            = "api.swagger"
	FlagAPIAddress            = "api.address"
	FlagAPIMaxOpenConnections = "api.max-open-connections"
	FlagRPCReadTimeout        = "api.rpc-read-timeout"
	FlagRPCWriteTimeout       = "api.rpc-write-timeout"
	FlagRPCMaxBodyBytes       = "api.rpc-max-body-bytes"
	FlagAPIEnableUnsafeCORS   = "api.enabled-unsafe-cors"

	/ gRPC-related flags
	flagGRPCOnly            = "grpc-only"
	flagGRPCEnable          = "grpc.enable"
	flagGRPCAddress         = "grpc.address"
	flagGRPCWebEnable       = "grpc-web.enable"
	flagGRPCSkipCheckHeader = "grpc.skip-check-header"

	/ mempool flags
	FlagMempoolMaxTxs = "mempool.max-txs"

	/ testnet keys
	KeyIsTestnet             = "is-testnet"
	KeyNewChainID            = "new-chain-ID"
	KeyNewOpAddr             = "new-operator-addr"
	KeyNewValAddr            = "new-validator-addr"
	KeyUserPubKey            = "user-pub-key"
	KeyTriggerTestnetUpgrade = "trigger-testnet-upgrade"
)

/ StartCmdOptions defines options that can be customized in `StartCmdWithOptions`,
type StartCmdOptions struct {
	/ DBOpener can be used to customize db opening, for example customize db options or support different db backends,
	/ default to the builtin db opener.
	DBOpener func(rootDir string, backendType dbm.BackendType) (dbm.DB, error)
	/ PostSetup can be used to setup extra services under the same cancellable context,
	/ it's not called in stand-alone mode, only for in-process mode.
	PostSetup func(svrCtx *Context, clientCtx client.Context, ctx context.Context, g *errgroup.Group)

error
	/ PostSetupStandalone can be used to setup extra services under the same cancellable context,
	PostSetupStandalone func(svrCtx *Context, clientCtx client.Context, ctx context.Context, g *errgroup.Group)

error
	/ AddFlags add custom flags to start cmd
	AddFlags func(cmd *cobra.Command)
	/ StartCommandHanlder can be used to customize the start command handler
	StartCommandHandler func(svrCtx *Context, clientCtx client.Context, appCreator types.AppCreator, inProcessConsensus bool, opts StartCmdOptions)

error
}

/ StartCmd runs the service passed in, either stand-alone or in-process with
/ CometBFT.
func StartCmd(appCreator types.AppCreator, defaultNodeHome string) *cobra.Command {
    return StartCmdWithOptions(appCreator, defaultNodeHome, StartCmdOptions{
})
}

/ StartCmdWithOptions runs the service passed in, either stand-alone or in-process with
/ CometBFT.
func StartCmdWithOptions(appCreator types.AppCreator, defaultNodeHome string, opts StartCmdOptions) *cobra.Command {
    if opts.DBOpener == nil {
    opts.DBOpener = openDB
}
    if opts.StartCommandHandler == nil {
    opts.StartCommandHandler = start
}
    cmd := &cobra.Command{
    Use:   "start",
    Short: "Run the full node",
    Long: `Run the full node application with CometBFT in or out of process. By
default, the application will run with CometBFT in process.

Pruning options can be provided via the '--pruning' flag or alternatively with '--pruning-keep-recent', and
'pruning-interval' together.

For '--pruning' the options are as follows:

default: the last 362880 states are kept, pruning at 10 block intervals
nothing: all historic states will be saved, nothing will be deleted (i.e. archiving node)

everything: 2 latest states will be kept; pruning at 10 block intervals.
custom: allow pruning options to be manually specified through 'pruning-keep-recent', and 'pruning-interval'

Node halting configurations exist in the form of two flags: '--halt-height' and '--halt-time'. During
the ABCI Commit phase, the node will check if the current block height is greater than or equal to
the halt-height or if the current block time is greater than or equal to the halt-time. If so, the
node will attempt to gracefully shutdown and the block will not be committed. In addition, the node
will not be able to commit subsequent blocks.

For profiling and benchmarking purposes, CPU profiling can be enabled via the '--cpu-profile' flag
which accepts a path for the resulting pprof file.

The node may be started in a 'query only' mode where only the gRPC and JSON HTTP
API services are enabled via the 'grpc-only' flag. In this mode, CometBFT is
bypassed and can be used when legacy queries are needed after an on-chain upgrade
is performed. Note, when enabled, gRPC will also be automatically enabled.
`,
    RunE: func(cmd *cobra.Command, _ []string)

error {
    serverCtx := GetServerContextFromCmd(cmd)

			_, err := GetPruningOptionsFromFlags(serverCtx.Viper)
    if err != nil {
    return err
}

clientCtx, err := client.GetClientQueryContext(cmd)
    if err != nil {
    return err
}

withCMT, _ := cmd.Flags().GetBool(flagWithComet)
    if !withCMT {
    serverCtx.Logger.Info("starting ABCI without CometBFT")
}

err = wrapCPUProfile(serverCtx, func()

error {
    return opts.StartCommandHandler(serverCtx, clientCtx, appCreator, withCMT, opts)
})

serverCtx.Logger.Debug("received quit signal")

graceDuration, _ := cmd.Flags().GetDuration(FlagShutdownGrace)
    if graceDuration > 0 {
    serverCtx.Logger.Info("graceful shutdown start", FlagShutdownGrace, graceDuration)
				<-time.After(graceDuration)

serverCtx.Logger.Info("graceful shutdown complete")
}

return err
},
}

cmd.Flags().String(flags.FlagHome, defaultNodeHome, "The application home directory")

addStartNodeFlags(cmd, opts)

return cmd
}

func start(svrCtx *Context, clientCtx client.Context, appCreator types.AppCreator, withCmt bool, opts StartCmdOptions)

error {
    svrCfg, err := getAndValidateConfig(svrCtx)
    if err != nil {
    return err
}

app, appCleanupFn, err := startApp(svrCtx, appCreator, opts)
    if err != nil {
    return err
}

defer appCleanupFn()

metrics, err := startTelemetry(svrCfg)
    if err != nil {
    return err
}

emitServerInfoMetrics()
    if !withCmt {
    return startStandAlone(svrCtx, svrCfg, clientCtx, app, metrics, opts)
}

return startInProcess(svrCtx, svrCfg, clientCtx, app, metrics, opts)
}

func startStandAlone(svrCtx *Context, svrCfg serverconfig.Config, clientCtx client.Context, app types.Application, metrics *telemetry.Metrics, opts StartCmdOptions)

error {
    addr := svrCtx.Viper.GetString(flagAddress)
    transport := svrCtx.Viper.GetString(flagTransport)
    cmtApp := NewCometABCIWrapper(app)

svr, err := server.NewServer(addr, transport, cmtApp)
    if err != nil {
    return fmt.Errorf("error creating listener: %w", err)
}

svr.SetLogger(servercmtlog.CometLoggerWrapper{
    Logger: svrCtx.Logger.With("module", "abci-server")
})

g, ctx := getCtx(svrCtx, false)

	/ Add the tx service to the gRPC router. We only need to register this
	/ service if API or gRPC is enabled, and avoid doing so in the general
	/ case, because it spawns a new local CometBFT RPC client.
    if svrCfg.API.Enable || svrCfg.GRPC.Enable {
		/ create tendermint client
		/ assumes the rpc listen address is where tendermint has its rpc server
		rpcclient, err := rpchttp.New(svrCtx.Config.RPC.ListenAddress, "/websocket")
    if err != nil {
    return err
}
		/ re-assign for making the client available below
		/ do not use := to avoid shadowing clientCtx
		clientCtx = clientCtx.WithClient(rpcclient)

		/ use the provided clientCtx to register the services
		app.RegisterTxService(clientCtx)

app.RegisterTendermintService(clientCtx)

app.RegisterNodeService(clientCtx, svrCfg)
}

grpcSrv, clientCtx, err := startGrpcServer(ctx, g, svrCfg.GRPC, clientCtx, svrCtx, app)
    if err != nil {
    return err
}

err = startAPIServer(ctx, g, svrCfg, clientCtx, svrCtx, app, svrCtx.Config.RootDir, grpcSrv, metrics)
    if err != nil {
    return err
}
    if opts.PostSetupStandalone != nil {
    if err := opts.PostSetupStandalone(svrCtx, clientCtx, ctx, g); err != nil {
    return err
}

}

g.Go(func()

error {
    if err := svr.Start(); err != nil {
    svrCtx.Logger.Error("failed to start out-of-process ABCI server", "err", err)

return err
}

		/ Wait for the calling process to be canceled or close the provided context,
		/ so we can gracefully stop the ABCI server.
		<-ctx.Done()

svrCtx.Logger.Info("stopping the ABCI server...")

return svr.Stop()
})

return g.Wait()
}

func startInProcess(svrCtx *Context, svrCfg serverconfig.Config, clientCtx client.Context, app types.Application,
	metrics *telemetry.Metrics, opts StartCmdOptions,
)

error {
    cmtCfg := svrCtx.Config
    gRPCOnly := svrCtx.Viper.GetBool(flagGRPCOnly)

g, ctx := getCtx(svrCtx, true)
    if gRPCOnly {
		/ TODO: Generalize logic so that gRPC only is really in startStandAlone
		svrCtx.Logger.Info("starting node in gRPC only mode; CometBFT is disabled")

svrCfg.GRPC.Enable = true
}

else {
    svrCtx.Logger.Info("starting node with ABCI CometBFT in-process")

tmNode, cleanupFn, err := startCmtNode(ctx, cmtCfg, app, svrCtx)
    if err != nil {
    return err
}

defer cleanupFn()

		/ Add the tx service to the gRPC router. We only need to register this
		/ service if API or gRPC is enabled, and avoid doing so in the general
		/ case, because it spawns a new local CometBFT RPC client.
    if svrCfg.API.Enable || svrCfg.GRPC.Enable {
			/ Re-assign for making the client available below do not use := to avoid
			/ shadowing the clientCtx variable.
			clientCtx = clientCtx.WithClient(local.New(tmNode))

app.RegisterTxService(clientCtx)

app.RegisterTendermintService(clientCtx)

app.RegisterNodeService(clientCtx, svrCfg)
}

}

grpcSrv, clientCtx, err := startGrpcServer(ctx, g, svrCfg.GRPC, clientCtx, svrCtx, app)
    if err != nil {
    return err
}

err = startAPIServer(ctx, g, svrCfg, clientCtx, svrCtx, app, cmtCfg.RootDir, grpcSrv, metrics)
    if err != nil {
    return err
}
    if opts.PostSetup != nil {
    if err := opts.PostSetup(svrCtx, clientCtx, ctx, g); err != nil {
    return err
}

}

	/ wait for signal capture and gracefully return
	/ we are guaranteed to be waiting for the "ListenForQuitSignals" goroutine.
	return g.Wait()
}

/ TODO: Move nodeKey into being created within the function.
func startCmtNode(
	ctx context.Context,
	cfg *cmtcfg.Config,
	app types.Application,
	svrCtx *Context,
) (tmNode *node.Node, cleanupFn func(), err error) {
    nodeKey, err := p2p.LoadOrGenNodeKey(cfg.NodeKeyFile())
    if err != nil {
    return nil, cleanupFn, err
}
    cmtApp := NewCometABCIWrapper(app)

tmNode, err = node.NewNodeWithContext(
		ctx,
		cfg,
		pvm.LoadOrGenFilePV(cfg.PrivValidatorKeyFile(), cfg.PrivValidatorStateFile()),
		nodeKey,
		proxy.NewLocalClientCreator(cmtApp),
		getGenDocProvider(cfg),
		cmtcfg.DefaultDBProvider,
		node.DefaultMetricsProvider(cfg.Instrumentation),
		servercmtlog.CometLoggerWrapper{
    Logger: svrCtx.Logger
},
	)
    if err != nil {
    return tmNode, cleanupFn, err
}
    if err := tmNode.Start(); err != nil {
    return tmNode, cleanupFn, err
}

cleanupFn = func() {
    if tmNode != nil && tmNode.IsRunning() {
			_ = tmNode.Stop()
}

}

return tmNode, cleanupFn, nil
}

func getAndValidateConfig(svrCtx *Context) (serverconfig.Config, error) {
    config, err := serverconfig.GetConfig(svrCtx.Viper)
    if err != nil {
    return config, err
}
    if err := config.ValidateBasic(); err != nil {
    return config, err
}

return config, nil
}

/ returns a function which returns the genesis doc from the genesis file.
func getGenDocProvider(cfg *cmtcfg.Config)

func() (*cmttypes.GenesisDoc, error) {
    return func() (*cmttypes.GenesisDoc, error) {
    appGenesis, err := genutiltypes.AppGenesisFromFile(cfg.GenesisFile())
    if err != nil {
    return nil, err
}

return appGenesis.ToGenesisDoc()
}
}

func setupTraceWriter(svrCtx *Context) (traceWriter io.WriteCloser, cleanup func(), err error) {
	/ clean up the traceWriter when the server is shutting down
	cleanup = func() {
}
    traceWriterFile := svrCtx.Viper.GetString(flagTraceStore)

traceWriter, err = openTraceWriter(traceWriterFile)
    if err != nil {
    return traceWriter, cleanup, err
}

	/ if flagTraceStore is not used then traceWriter is nil
    if traceWriter != nil {
    cleanup = func() {
    if err = traceWriter.Close(); err != nil {
    svrCtx.Logger.Error("failed to close trace writer", "err", err)
}

}

}

return traceWriter, cleanup, nil
}

func startGrpcServer(
	ctx context.Context,
	g *errgroup.Group,
	config serverconfig.GRPCConfig,
	clientCtx client.Context,
	svrCtx *Context,
	app types.Application,
) (*grpc.Server, client.Context, error) {
    if !config.Enable {
		/ return grpcServer as nil if gRPC is disabled
		return nil, clientCtx, nil
}
	_, _, err := net.SplitHostPort(config.Address)
    if err != nil {
    return nil, clientCtx, err
}
    maxSendMsgSize := config.MaxSendMsgSize
    if maxSendMsgSize == 0 {
    maxSendMsgSize = serverconfig.DefaultGRPCMaxSendMsgSize
}
    maxRecvMsgSize := config.MaxRecvMsgSize
    if maxRecvMsgSize == 0 {
    maxRecvMsgSize = serverconfig.DefaultGRPCMaxRecvMsgSize
}

	/ if gRPC is enabled, configure gRPC client for gRPC gateway
	grpcClient, err := grpc.Dial( /nolint: staticcheck / ignore this line for this linter
		config.Address,
		grpc.WithTransportCredentials(insecure.NewCredentials()),
		grpc.WithDefaultCallOptions(
			grpc.ForceCodec(codec.NewProtoCodec(clientCtx.InterfaceRegistry).GRPCCodec()),
			grpc.MaxCallRecvMsgSize(maxRecvMsgSize),
			grpc.MaxCallSendMsgSize(maxSendMsgSize),
		),
	)
    if err != nil {
    return nil, clientCtx, err
}

clientCtx = clientCtx.WithGRPCClient(grpcClient)

svrCtx.Logger.Debug("gRPC client assigned to client context", "target", config.Address)

grpcSrv, err := servergrpc.NewGRPCServer(clientCtx, app, config)
    if err != nil {
    return nil, clientCtx, err
}

	/ Start the gRPC server in a goroutine. Note, the provided ctx will ensure
	/ that the server is gracefully shut down.
	g.Go(func()

error {
    return servergrpc.StartGRPCServer(ctx, svrCtx.Logger.With("module", "grpc-server"), config, grpcSrv)
})

return grpcSrv, clientCtx, nil
}

func startAPIServer(
	ctx context.Context,
	g *errgroup.Group,
	svrCfg serverconfig.Config,
	clientCtx client.Context,
	svrCtx *Context,
	app types.Application,
	home string,
	grpcSrv *grpc.Server,
	metrics *telemetry.Metrics,
)

error {
    if !svrCfg.API.Enable {
    return nil
}

clientCtx = clientCtx.WithHomeDir(home)
    apiSrv := api.New(clientCtx, svrCtx.Logger.With("module", "api-server"), grpcSrv)

app.RegisterAPIRoutes(apiSrv, svrCfg.API)
    if svrCfg.Telemetry.Enabled {
    apiSrv.SetTelemetry(metrics)
}

g.Go(func()

error {
    return apiSrv.Start(ctx, svrCfg)
})

return nil
}

func startTelemetry(cfg serverconfig.Config) (*telemetry.Metrics, error) {
    return telemetry.New(cfg.Telemetry)
}

/ wrapCPUProfile starts CPU profiling, if enabled, and executes the provided
/ callbackFn in a separate goroutine, then will wait for that callback to
/ return.
/
/ NOTE: We expect the caller to handle graceful shutdown and signal handling.
func wrapCPUProfile(svrCtx *Context, callbackFn func()

error)

error {
    if cpuProfile := svrCtx.Viper.GetString(flagCPUProfile); cpuProfile != "" {
    f, err := os.Create(cpuProfile)
    if err != nil {
    return err
}

svrCtx.Logger.Info("starting CPU profiler", "profile", cpuProfile)
    if err := pprof.StartCPUProfile(f); err != nil {
    return err
}

defer func() {
    svrCtx.Logger.Info("stopping CPU profiler", "profile", cpuProfile)

pprof.StopCPUProfile()
    if err := f.Close(); err != nil {
    svrCtx.Logger.Info("failed to close cpu-profile file", "profile", cpuProfile, "err", err.Error())
}

}()
}

return callbackFn()
}

/ emitServerInfoMetrics emits server info related metrics using application telemetry.
func emitServerInfoMetrics() {
    var ls []metrics.Label
    versionInfo := version.NewInfo()
    if len(versionInfo.GoVersion) > 0 {
    ls = append(ls, telemetry.NewLabel("go", versionInfo.GoVersion))
}
    if len(versionInfo.CosmosSdkVersion) > 0 {
    ls = append(ls, telemetry.NewLabel("version", versionInfo.CosmosSdkVersion))
}
    if len(ls) == 0 {
    return
}

telemetry.SetGaugeWithLabels([]string{"server", "info"
}, 1, ls)
}

func getCtx(svrCtx *Context, block bool) (*errgroup.Group, context.Context) {
    ctx, cancelFn := context.WithCancel(context.Background())

g, ctx := errgroup.WithContext(ctx)
	/ listen for quit signals so the calling parent process can gracefully exit
	ListenForQuitSignals(g, block, cancelFn, svrCtx.Logger)

return g, ctx
}

func startApp(svrCtx *Context, appCreator types.AppCreator, opts StartCmdOptions) (app types.Application, cleanupFn func(), err error) {
    traceWriter, traceCleanupFn, err := setupTraceWriter(svrCtx)
    if err != nil {
    return app, traceCleanupFn, err
}
    home := svrCtx.Config.RootDir
	db, err := opts.DBOpener(home, GetAppDBBackend(svrCtx.Viper))
    if err != nil {
    return app, traceCleanupFn, err
}
    if isTestnet, ok := svrCtx.Viper.Get(KeyIsTestnet).(bool); ok && isTestnet {
    app, err = testnetify(svrCtx, appCreator, db, traceWriter)
    if err != nil {
    return app, traceCleanupFn, err
}

}

else {
    app = appCreator(svrCtx.Logger, db, traceWriter, svrCtx.Viper)
}

cleanupFn = func() {
    traceCleanupFn()
    if localErr := app.Close(); localErr != nil {
    svrCtx.Logger.Error(localErr.Error())
}

}

return app, cleanupFn, nil
}

/ InPlaceTestnetCreator utilizes the provided chainID and operatorAddress as well as the local private validator key to
/ control the network represented in the data folder. This is useful to create testnets nearly identical to your
/ mainnet environment.
func InPlaceTestnetCreator(testnetAppCreator types.AppCreator) *cobra.Command {
    opts := StartCmdOptions{
}
    if opts.DBOpener == nil {
    opts.DBOpener = openDB
}
    if opts.StartCommandHandler == nil {
    opts.StartCommandHandler = start
}
    cmd := &cobra.Command{
    Use:   "in-place-testnet [newChainID] [newOperatorAddress]",
    Short: "Create and start a testnet from current local state",
    Long: `Create and start a testnet from current local state.
After utilizing this command the network will start. If the network is stopped,
the normal "start" command should be used. Re-using this command on state that
has already been modified by this command could result in unexpected behavior.

Additionally, the first block may take up to one minute to be committed, depending
on how old the block is. For instance, if a snapshot was taken weeks ago and we want
to turn this into a testnet, it is possible lots of pending state needs to be committed
(expiring locks, etc.). It is recommended that you should wait for this block to be committed
before stopping the daemon.

If the --trigger-testnet-upgrade flag is set, the upgrade handler specified by the flag will be run
on the first block of the testnet.

Regardless of whether the flag is set or not, if any new stores are introduced in the daemon being run,
those stores will be registered in order to prevent panics. Therefore, you only need to set the flag if
you want to test the upgrade handler itself.
`,
    Example: "in-place-testnet localosmosis osmo12smx2wdlyttvyzvzg54y2vnqwq2qjateuf7thj",
    Args:    cobra.ExactArgs(2),
    RunE: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string)

error {
    serverCtx := GetServerContextFromCmd(cmd)
			_, err := GetPruningOptionsFromFlags(serverCtx.Viper)
    if err != nil {
    return err
}

clientCtx, err := client.GetClientQueryContext(cmd)
    if err != nil {
    return err
}

withCMT, _ := cmd.Flags().GetBool(flagWithComet)
    if !withCMT {
    serverCtx.Logger.Info("starting ABCI without CometBFT")
}
    newChainID := args[0]
    newOperatorAddress := args[1]

			skipConfirmation, _ := cmd.Flags().GetBool("skip-confirmation")
    if !skipConfirmation {
				/ Confirmation prompt to prevent accidental modification of state.
    reader := bufio.NewReader(os.Stdin)

fmt.Println("This operation will modify state in your data folder and cannot be undone. Do you want to continue? (y/n)")

text, _ := reader.ReadString('\n')
    response := strings.TrimSpace(strings.ToLower(text))
    if response != "y" && response != "yes" {
    fmt.Println("Operation canceled.")

return nil
}

}

			/ Set testnet keys to be used by the application.
			/ This is done to prevent changes to existing start API.
			serverCtx.Viper.Set(KeyIsTestnet, true)

serverCtx.Viper.Set(KeyNewChainID, newChainID)

serverCtx.Viper.Set(KeyNewOpAddr, newOperatorAddress)

err = wrapCPUProfile(serverCtx, func()

error {
    return opts.StartCommandHandler(serverCtx, clientCtx, testnetAppCreator, withCMT, opts)
})

serverCtx.Logger.Debug("received quit signal")

graceDuration, _ := cmd.Flags().GetDuration(FlagShutdownGrace)
    if graceDuration > 0 {
    serverCtx.Logger.Info("graceful shutdown start", FlagShutdownGrace, graceDuration)
				<-time.After(graceDuration)

serverCtx.Logger.Info("graceful shutdown complete")
}

return err
},
}

addStartNodeFlags(cmd, opts)

cmd.Flags().String(KeyTriggerTestnetUpgrade, "", "If set (example: \"v21\"), triggers the v21 upgrade handler to run on the first block of the testnet")

cmd.Flags().Bool("skip-confirmation", false, "Skip the confirmation prompt")

return cmd
}

/ testnetify modifies both state and blockStore, allowing the provided operator address and local validator key to control the network
/ that the state in the data folder represents. The chainID of the local genesis file is modified to match the provided chainID.
func testnetify(ctx *Context, testnetAppCreator types.AppCreator, db dbm.DB, traceWriter io.WriteCloser) (types.Application, error) {
    config := ctx.Config

	newChainID, ok := ctx.Viper.Get(KeyNewChainID).(string)
    if !ok {
    return nil, fmt.Errorf("expected string for key %s", KeyNewChainID)
}

	/ Modify app genesis chain ID and save to genesis file.
    genFilePath := config.GenesisFile()

appGen, err := genutiltypes.AppGenesisFromFile(genFilePath)
    if err != nil {
    return nil, err
}

appGen.ChainID = newChainID
    if err := appGen.ValidateAndComplete(); err != nil {
    return nil, err
}
    if err := appGen.SaveAs(genFilePath); err != nil {
    return nil, err
}

	/ Regenerate addrbook.json to prevent peers on old network from causing error logs.
    addrBookPath := filepath.Join(config.RootDir, "config", "addrbook.json")
    if err := os.Remove(addrBookPath); err != nil && !os.IsNotExist(err) {
    return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to remove existing addrbook.json: %w", err)
}
    emptyAddrBook := []byte("{
}")
    if err := os.WriteFile(addrBookPath, emptyAddrBook, 0o600); err != nil {
    return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to create empty addrbook.json: %w", err)
}

	/ Load the comet genesis doc provider.
    genDocProvider := node.DefaultGenesisDocProviderFunc(config)

	/ Initialize blockStore and stateDB.
	blockStoreDB, err := cmtcfg.DefaultDBProvider(&cmtcfg.DBContext{
    ID: "blockstore",
    Config: config
})
    if err != nil {
    return nil, err
}
    blockStore := store.NewBlockStore(blockStoreDB)

stateDB, err := cmtcfg.DefaultDBProvider(&cmtcfg.DBContext{
    ID: "state",
    Config: config
})
    if err != nil {
    return nil, err
}

defer blockStore.Close()

defer stateDB.Close()
    privValidator := pvm.LoadOrGenFilePV(config.PrivValidatorKeyFile(), config.PrivValidatorStateFile())

userPubKey, err := privValidator.GetPubKey()
    if err != nil {
    return nil, err
}
    validatorAddress := userPubKey.Address()
    stateStore := sm.NewStore(stateDB, sm.StoreOptions{
    DiscardABCIResponses: config.Storage.DiscardABCIResponses,
})

state, genDoc, err := node.LoadStateFromDBOrGenesisDocProvider(stateDB, genDocProvider)
    if err != nil {
    return nil, err
}

ctx.Viper.Set(KeyNewValAddr, validatorAddress)

ctx.Viper.Set(KeyUserPubKey, userPubKey)
    testnetApp := testnetAppCreator(ctx.Logger, db, traceWriter, ctx.Viper)

	/ We need to create a temporary proxyApp to get the initial state of the application.
	/ Depending on how the node was stopped, the application height can differ from the blockStore height.
	/ This height difference changes how we go about modifying the state.
    cmtApp := NewCometABCIWrapper(testnetApp)
	_, context := getCtx(ctx, true)
    clientCreator := proxy.NewLocalClientCreator(cmtApp)
    metrics := node.DefaultMetricsProvider(cmtcfg.DefaultConfig().Instrumentation)
	_, _, _, _, proxyMetrics, _, _ := metrics(genDoc.ChainID)
    proxyApp := proxy.NewAppConns(clientCreator, proxyMetrics)
    if err := proxyApp.Start(); err != nil {
    return nil, fmt.Errorf("error starting proxy app connections: %w", err)
}

res, err := proxyApp.Query().Info(context, proxy.RequestInfo)
    if err != nil {
    return nil, fmt.Errorf("error calling Info: %w", err)
}

err = proxyApp.Stop()
    if err != nil {
    return nil, err
}
    appHash := res.LastBlockAppHash
    appHeight := res.LastBlockHeight

	var block *cmttypes.Block
    switch {
    case appHeight == blockStore.Height():
		block = blockStore.LoadBlock(blockStore.Height())
		/ If the state's last blockstore height does not match the app and blockstore height, we likely stopped with the halt height flag.
    if state.LastBlockHeight != appHeight {
    state.LastBlockHeight = appHeight
			block.AppHash = appHash
			state.AppHash = appHash
}

else {
			/ Node was likely stopped via SIGTERM, delete the next block's seen commit
    err := blockStoreDB.Delete(fmt.Appendf(nil, "SC:%v", blockStore.Height()+1))
    if err != nil {
    return nil, err
}

}
    case blockStore.Height() > state.LastBlockHeight:
		/ This state usually occurs when we gracefully stop the node.
		err = blockStore.DeleteLatestBlock()
    if err != nil {
    return nil, err
}

block = blockStore.LoadBlock(blockStore.Height())

default:
		/ If there is any other state, we just load the block
		block = blockStore.LoadBlock(blockStore.Height())
}

block.ChainID = newChainID
	state.ChainID = newChainID

	block.LastBlockID = state.LastBlockID
	block.LastCommit.BlockID = state.LastBlockID

	/ Create a vote from our validator
    vote := cmttypes.Vote{
    Type:             cmtproto.PrecommitType,
    Height:           state.LastBlockHeight,
    Round:            0,
    BlockID:          state.LastBlockID,
    Timestamp:        time.Now(),
    ValidatorAddress: validatorAddress,
    ValidatorIndex:   0,
    Signature:        []byte{
},
}

	/ Sign the vote, and copy the proto changes from the act of signing to the vote itself
    voteProto := vote.ToProto()

err = privValidator.SignVote(newChainID, voteProto)
    if err != nil {
    return nil, err
}

vote.Signature = voteProto.Signature
	vote.Timestamp = voteProto.Timestamp

	/ Modify the block's lastCommit to be signed only by our validator
	block.LastCommit.Signatures[0].ValidatorAddress = validatorAddress
	block.LastCommit.Signatures[0].Signature = vote.Signature
	block.LastCommit.Signatures = []cmttypes.CommitSig{
    block.LastCommit.Signatures[0]
}

	/ Load the seenCommit of the lastBlockHeight and modify it to be signed from our validator
    seenCommit := blockStore.LoadSeenCommit(state.LastBlockHeight)

seenCommit.BlockID = state.LastBlockID
	seenCommit.Round = vote.Round
	seenCommit.Signatures[0].Signature = vote.Signature
	seenCommit.Signatures[0].ValidatorAddress = validatorAddress
	seenCommit.Signatures[0].Timestamp = vote.Timestamp
	seenCommit.Signatures = []cmttypes.CommitSig{
    seenCommit.Signatures[0]
}

err = blockStore.SaveSeenCommit(state.LastBlockHeight, seenCommit)
    if err != nil {
    return nil, err
}

	/ Create ValidatorSet struct containing just our valdiator.
    newVal := &cmttypes.Validator{
    Address:     validatorAddress,
    PubKey:      userPubKey,
    VotingPower: 900000000000000,
}
    newValSet := &cmttypes.ValidatorSet{
    Validators: []*cmttypes.Validator{
    newVal
},
    Proposer:   newVal,
}

	/ Replace all valSets in state to be the valSet with just our validator.
	state.Validators = newValSet
	state.LastValidators = newValSet
	state.NextValidators = newValSet
	state.LastHeightValidatorsChanged = blockStore.Height()

err = stateStore.Save(state)
    if err != nil {
    return nil, err
}

	/ Create a ValidatorsInfo struct to store in stateDB.
	valSet, err := state.Validators.ToProto()
    if err != nil {
    return nil, err
}
    valInfo := &cmtstate.ValidatorsInfo{
    ValidatorSet:      valSet,
    LastHeightChanged: state.LastBlockHeight,
}

buf, err := valInfo.Marshal()
    if err != nil {
    return nil, err
}

	/ Modfiy Validators stateDB entry.
	err = stateDB.Set(fmt.Appendf(nil, "validatorsKey:%v", blockStore.Height()), buf)
    if err != nil {
    return nil, err
}

	/ Modify LastValidators stateDB entry.
	err = stateDB.Set(fmt.Appendf(nil, "validatorsKey:%v", blockStore.Height()-1), buf)
    if err != nil {
    return nil, err
}

	/ Modify NextValidators stateDB entry.
	err = stateDB.Set(fmt.Appendf(nil, "validatorsKey:%v", blockStore.Height()+1), buf)
    if err != nil {
    return nil, err
}

	/ Since we modified the chainID, we set the new genesisDoc in the stateDB.
	b, err := cmtjson.Marshal(genDoc)
    if err != nil {
    return nil, err
}
    if err := stateDB.SetSync([]byte("genesisDoc"), b); err != nil {
    return nil, err
}

return testnetApp, err
}

/ addStartNodeFlags should be added to any CLI commands that start the network.
func addStartNodeFlags(cmd *cobra.Command, opts StartCmdOptions) {
    cmd.Flags().Bool(flagWithComet, true, "Run abci app embedded in-process with CometBFT")

cmd.Flags().String(flagAddress, "tcp://127.0.0.1:26658", "Listen address")

cmd.Flags().String(flagTransport, "socket", "Transport protocol: socket, grpc")

cmd.Flags().String(flagTraceStore, "", "Enable KVStore tracing to an output file")

cmd.Flags().String(FlagMinGasPrices, "", "Minimum gas prices to accept for transactions; Any fee in a tx must meet this minimum (e.g. 0.01photino;0.0001stake)")

cmd.Flags().Uint64(FlagQueryGasLimit, 0, "Maximum gas a Rest/Grpc query can consume. Blank and 0 imply unbounded.")

cmd.Flags().IntSlice(FlagUnsafeSkipUpgrades, []int{
}, "Skip a set of upgrade heights to continue the old binary")

cmd.Flags().Uint64(FlagHaltHeight, 0, "Block height at which to gracefully halt the chain and shutdown the node")

cmd.Flags().Uint64(FlagHaltTime, 0, "Minimum block time (in Unix seconds)

at which to gracefully halt the chain and shutdown the node")

cmd.Flags().Bool(FlagInterBlockCache, true, "Enable inter-block caching")

cmd.Flags().String(flagCPUProfile, "", "Enable CPU profiling and write to the provided file")

cmd.Flags().Bool(FlagTrace, false, "Provide full stack traces for errors in ABCI Log")

cmd.Flags().String(FlagPruning, pruningtypes.PruningOptionDefault, "Pruning strategy (default|nothing|everything|custom)")

cmd.Flags().Uint64(FlagPruningKeepRecent, 0, "Number of recent heights to keep on disk (ignored if pruning is not 'custom')")

cmd.Flags().Uint64(FlagPruningInterval, 0, "Height interval at which pruned heights are removed from disk (ignored if pruning is not 'custom')")

cmd.Flags().Uint(FlagInvCheckPeriod, 0, "Assert registered invariants every N blocks")

cmd.Flags().Uint64(FlagMinRetainBlocks, 0, "Minimum block height offset during ABCI commit to prune CometBFT blocks")

cmd.Flags().Bool(FlagAPIEnable, false, "Define if the API server should be enabled")

cmd.Flags().Bool(FlagAPISwagger, false, "Define if swagger documentation should automatically be registered (Note: the API must also be enabled)")

cmd.Flags().String(FlagAPIAddress, serverconfig.DefaultAPIAddress, "the API server address to listen on")

cmd.Flags().Uint(FlagAPIMaxOpenConnections, 1000, "Define the number of maximum open connections")

cmd.Flags().Uint(FlagRPCReadTimeout, 10, "Define the CometBFT RPC read timeout (in seconds)")

cmd.Flags().Uint(FlagRPCWriteTimeout, 0, "Define the CometBFT RPC write timeout (in seconds)")

cmd.Flags().Uint(FlagRPCMaxBodyBytes, 1000000, "Define the CometBFT maximum request body (in bytes)")

cmd.Flags().Bool(FlagAPIEnableUnsafeCORS, false, "Define if CORS should be enabled (unsafe - use it at your own risk)")

cmd.Flags().Bool(flagGRPCOnly, false, "Start the node in gRPC query only mode (no CometBFT process is started)")

cmd.Flags().Bool(flagGRPCEnable, true, "Define if the gRPC server should be enabled")

cmd.Flags().String(flagGRPCAddress, serverconfig.DefaultGRPCAddress, "the gRPC server address to listen on")

cmd.Flags().Bool(flagGRPCWebEnable, true, "Define if the gRPC-Web server should be enabled. (Note: gRPC must also be enabled)")

cmd.Flags().Uint64(FlagStateSyncSnapshotInterval, 0, "State sync snapshot interval")

cmd.Flags().Uint32(FlagStateSyncSnapshotKeepRecent, 2, "State sync snapshot to keep")

cmd.Flags().Bool(FlagDisableIAVLFastNode, false, "Disable fast node for IAVL tree")

cmd.Flags().Int(FlagMempoolMaxTxs, mempool.DefaultMaxTx, "Sets MaxTx value for the app-side mempool")

cmd.Flags().Duration(FlagShutdownGrace, 0*time.Second, "On Shutdown, duration to wait for resource clean up")

	/ support old flags name for backwards compatibility
	cmd.Flags().SetNormalizeFunc(func(f *pflag.FlagSet, name string)

pflag.NormalizedName {
    if name == "with-tendermint" {
    name = flagWithComet
}

return pflag.NormalizedName(name)
})

	/ add support for all CometBFT-specific command line options
	cmtcmd.AddNodeFlags(cmd)
    if opts.AddFlags != nil {
    opts.AddFlags(cmd)
}
}

The CometBFT node can be created with app because the latter satisfies the abci.Application interface (given that app extends baseapp). As part of the node.New method, CometBFT makes sure that the height of the application (i.e. number of blocks since genesis) is equal to the height of the CometBFT node. The difference between these two heights should always be negative or null. If it is strictly negative, node.New will replay blocks until the height of the application reaches the height of the CometBFT node. Finally, if the height of the application is 0, the CometBFT node will call InitChain on the application to initialize the state from the genesis file.

Once the CometBFT node is instantiated and in sync with the application, the node can be started:

package server

import (

	"bufio"
    "context"
    "fmt"
    "io"
    "net"
    "os"
    "path/filepath"
    "runtime/pprof"
    "strings"
    "time"
    "github.com/cometbft/cometbft/abci/server"
	cmtcmd "github.com/cometbft/cometbft/cmd/cometbft/commands"
	cmtcfg "github.com/cometbft/cometbft/config"
	cmtjson "github.com/cometbft/cometbft/libs/json"
    "github.com/cometbft/cometbft/node"
    "github.com/cometbft/cometbft/p2p"
	pvm "github.com/cometbft/cometbft/privval"
	cmtstate "github.com/cometbft/cometbft/proto/tendermint/state"
	cmtproto "github.com/cometbft/cometbft/proto/tendermint/types"
    "github.com/cometbft/cometbft/proxy"
	rpchttp "github.com/cometbft/cometbft/rpc/client/http"
    "github.com/cometbft/cometbft/rpc/client/local"
	sm "github.com/cometbft/cometbft/state"
    "github.com/cometbft/cometbft/store"
	cmttypes "github.com/cometbft/cometbft/types"
	dbm "github.com/cosmos/cosmos-db"
    "github.com/hashicorp/go-metrics"
    "github.com/spf13/cobra"
    "github.com/spf13/pflag"
    "golang.org/x/sync/errgroup"
    "google.golang.org/grpc"
    "google.golang.org/grpc/credentials/insecure"

	pruningtypes "cosmossdk.io/store/pruning/types"
    "github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/client"
    "github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/client/flags"
    "github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/codec"
    "github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/server/api"
	serverconfig "github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/server/config"
	servergrpc "github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/server/grpc"
	servercmtlog "github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/server/log"
    "github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/server/types"
    "github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/telemetry"
    "github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/types/mempool"
    "github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/version"
	genutiltypes "github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/x/genutil/types"
)

const (
	/ CometBFT full-node start flags
	flagWithComet          = "with-comet"
	flagAddress            = "address"
	flagTransport          = "transport"
	flagTraceStore         = "trace-store"
	flagCPUProfile         = "cpu-profile"
	FlagMinGasPrices       = "minimum-gas-prices"
	FlagQueryGasLimit      = "query-gas-limit"
	FlagHaltHeight         = "halt-height"
	FlagHaltTime           = "halt-time"
	FlagInterBlockCache    = "inter-block-cache"
	FlagUnsafeSkipUpgrades = "unsafe-skip-upgrades"
	FlagTrace              = "trace"
	FlagInvCheckPeriod     = "inv-check-period"

	FlagPruning             = "pruning"
	FlagPruningKeepRecent   = "pruning-keep-recent"
	FlagPruningInterval     = "pruning-interval"
	FlagIndexEvents         = "index-events"
	FlagMinRetainBlocks     = "min-retain-blocks"
	FlagIAVLCacheSize       = "iavl-cache-size"
	FlagDisableIAVLFastNode = "iavl-disable-fastnode"
	FlagIAVLSyncPruning     = "iavl-sync-pruning"
	FlagShutdownGrace       = "shutdown-grace"

	/ state sync-related flags
	FlagStateSyncSnapshotInterval   = "state-sync.snapshot-interval"
	FlagStateSyncSnapshotKeepRecent = "state-sync.snapshot-keep-recent"

	/ api-related flags
	FlagAPIEnable             = "api.enable"
	FlagAPISwagger            = "api.swagger"
	FlagAPIAddress            = "api.address"
	FlagAPIMaxOpenConnections = "api.max-open-connections"
	FlagRPCReadTimeout        = "api.rpc-read-timeout"
	FlagRPCWriteTimeout       = "api.rpc-write-timeout"
	FlagRPCMaxBodyBytes       = "api.rpc-max-body-bytes"
	FlagAPIEnableUnsafeCORS   = "api.enabled-unsafe-cors"

	/ gRPC-related flags
	flagGRPCOnly            = "grpc-only"
	flagGRPCEnable          = "grpc.enable"
	flagGRPCAddress         = "grpc.address"
	flagGRPCWebEnable       = "grpc-web.enable"
	flagGRPCSkipCheckHeader = "grpc.skip-check-header"

	/ mempool flags
	FlagMempoolMaxTxs = "mempool.max-txs"

	/ testnet keys
	KeyIsTestnet             = "is-testnet"
	KeyNewChainID            = "new-chain-ID"
	KeyNewOpAddr             = "new-operator-addr"
	KeyNewValAddr            = "new-validator-addr"
	KeyUserPubKey            = "user-pub-key"
	KeyTriggerTestnetUpgrade = "trigger-testnet-upgrade"
)

/ StartCmdOptions defines options that can be customized in `StartCmdWithOptions`,
type StartCmdOptions struct {
	/ DBOpener can be used to customize db opening, for example customize db options or support different db backends,
	/ default to the builtin db opener.
	DBOpener func(rootDir string, backendType dbm.BackendType) (dbm.DB, error)
	/ PostSetup can be used to setup extra services under the same cancellable context,
	/ it's not called in stand-alone mode, only for in-process mode.
	PostSetup func(svrCtx *Context, clientCtx client.Context, ctx context.Context, g *errgroup.Group)

error
	/ PostSetupStandalone can be used to setup extra services under the same cancellable context,
	PostSetupStandalone func(svrCtx *Context, clientCtx client.Context, ctx context.Context, g *errgroup.Group)

error
	/ AddFlags add custom flags to start cmd
	AddFlags func(cmd *cobra.Command)
	/ StartCommandHanlder can be used to customize the start command handler
	StartCommandHandler func(svrCtx *Context, clientCtx client.Context, appCreator types.AppCreator, inProcessConsensus bool, opts StartCmdOptions)

error
}

/ StartCmd runs the service passed in, either stand-alone or in-process with
/ CometBFT.
func StartCmd(appCreator types.AppCreator, defaultNodeHome string) *cobra.Command {
    return StartCmdWithOptions(appCreator, defaultNodeHome, StartCmdOptions{
})
}

/ StartCmdWithOptions runs the service passed in, either stand-alone or in-process with
/ CometBFT.
func StartCmdWithOptions(appCreator types.AppCreator, defaultNodeHome string, opts StartCmdOptions) *cobra.Command {
    if opts.DBOpener == nil {
    opts.DBOpener = openDB
}
    if opts.StartCommandHandler == nil {
    opts.StartCommandHandler = start
}
    cmd := &cobra.Command{
    Use:   "start",
    Short: "Run the full node",
    Long: `Run the full node application with CometBFT in or out of process. By
default, the application will run with CometBFT in process.

Pruning options can be provided via the '--pruning' flag or alternatively with '--pruning-keep-recent', and
'pruning-interval' together.

For '--pruning' the options are as follows:

default: the last 362880 states are kept, pruning at 10 block intervals
nothing: all historic states will be saved, nothing will be deleted (i.e. archiving node)

everything: 2 latest states will be kept; pruning at 10 block intervals.
custom: allow pruning options to be manually specified through 'pruning-keep-recent', and 'pruning-interval'

Node halting configurations exist in the form of two flags: '--halt-height' and '--halt-time'. During
the ABCI Commit phase, the node will check if the current block height is greater than or equal to
the halt-height or if the current block time is greater than or equal to the halt-time. If so, the
node will attempt to gracefully shutdown and the block will not be committed. In addition, the node
will not be able to commit subsequent blocks.

For profiling and benchmarking purposes, CPU profiling can be enabled via the '--cpu-profile' flag
which accepts a path for the resulting pprof file.

The node may be started in a 'query only' mode where only the gRPC and JSON HTTP
API services are enabled via the 'grpc-only' flag. In this mode, CometBFT is
bypassed and can be used when legacy queries are needed after an on-chain upgrade
is performed. Note, when enabled, gRPC will also be automatically enabled.
`,
    RunE: func(cmd *cobra.Command, _ []string)

error {
    serverCtx := GetServerContextFromCmd(cmd)

			_, err := GetPruningOptionsFromFlags(serverCtx.Viper)
    if err != nil {
    return err
}

clientCtx, err := client.GetClientQueryContext(cmd)
    if err != nil {
    return err
}

withCMT, _ := cmd.Flags().GetBool(flagWithComet)
    if !withCMT {
    serverCtx.Logger.Info("starting ABCI without CometBFT")
}

err = wrapCPUProfile(serverCtx, func()

error {
    return opts.StartCommandHandler(serverCtx, clientCtx, appCreator, withCMT, opts)
})

serverCtx.Logger.Debug("received quit signal")

graceDuration, _ := cmd.Flags().GetDuration(FlagShutdownGrace)
    if graceDuration > 0 {
    serverCtx.Logger.Info("graceful shutdown start", FlagShutdownGrace, graceDuration)
				<-time.After(graceDuration)

serverCtx.Logger.Info("graceful shutdown complete")
}

return err
},
}

cmd.Flags().String(flags.FlagHome, defaultNodeHome, "The application home directory")

addStartNodeFlags(cmd, opts)

return cmd
}

func start(svrCtx *Context, clientCtx client.Context, appCreator types.AppCreator, withCmt bool, opts StartCmdOptions)

error {
    svrCfg, err := getAndValidateConfig(svrCtx)
    if err != nil {
    return err
}

app, appCleanupFn, err := startApp(svrCtx, appCreator, opts)
    if err != nil {
    return err
}

defer appCleanupFn()

metrics, err := startTelemetry(svrCfg)
    if err != nil {
    return err
}

emitServerInfoMetrics()
    if !withCmt {
    return startStandAlone(svrCtx, svrCfg, clientCtx, app, metrics, opts)
}

return startInProcess(svrCtx, svrCfg, clientCtx, app, metrics, opts)
}

func startStandAlone(svrCtx *Context, svrCfg serverconfig.Config, clientCtx client.Context, app types.Application, metrics *telemetry.Metrics, opts StartCmdOptions)

error {
    addr := svrCtx.Viper.GetString(flagAddress)
    transport := svrCtx.Viper.GetString(flagTransport)
    cmtApp := NewCometABCIWrapper(app)

svr, err := server.NewServer(addr, transport, cmtApp)
    if err != nil {
    return fmt.Errorf("error creating listener: %w", err)
}

svr.SetLogger(servercmtlog.CometLoggerWrapper{
    Logger: svrCtx.Logger.With("module", "abci-server")
})

g, ctx := getCtx(svrCtx, false)

	/ Add the tx service to the gRPC router. We only need to register this
	/ service if API or gRPC is enabled, and avoid doing so in the general
	/ case, because it spawns a new local CometBFT RPC client.
    if svrCfg.API.Enable || svrCfg.GRPC.Enable {
		/ create tendermint client
		/ assumes the rpc listen address is where tendermint has its rpc server
		rpcclient, err := rpchttp.New(svrCtx.Config.RPC.ListenAddress, "/websocket")
    if err != nil {
    return err
}
		/ re-assign for making the client available below
		/ do not use := to avoid shadowing clientCtx
		clientCtx = clientCtx.WithClient(rpcclient)

		/ use the provided clientCtx to register the services
		app.RegisterTxService(clientCtx)

app.RegisterTendermintService(clientCtx)

app.RegisterNodeService(clientCtx, svrCfg)
}

grpcSrv, clientCtx, err := startGrpcServer(ctx, g, svrCfg.GRPC, clientCtx, svrCtx, app)
    if err != nil {
    return err
}

err = startAPIServer(ctx, g, svrCfg, clientCtx, svrCtx, app, svrCtx.Config.RootDir, grpcSrv, metrics)
    if err != nil {
    return err
}
    if opts.PostSetupStandalone != nil {
    if err := opts.PostSetupStandalone(svrCtx, clientCtx, ctx, g); err != nil {
    return err
}

}

g.Go(func()

error {
    if err := svr.Start(); err != nil {
    svrCtx.Logger.Error("failed to start out-of-process ABCI server", "err", err)

return err
}

		/ Wait for the calling process to be canceled or close the provided context,
		/ so we can gracefully stop the ABCI server.
		<-ctx.Done()

svrCtx.Logger.Info("stopping the ABCI server...")

return svr.Stop()
})

return g.Wait()
}

func startInProcess(svrCtx *Context, svrCfg serverconfig.Config, clientCtx client.Context, app types.Application,
	metrics *telemetry.Metrics, opts StartCmdOptions,
)

error {
    cmtCfg := svrCtx.Config
    gRPCOnly := svrCtx.Viper.GetBool(flagGRPCOnly)

g, ctx := getCtx(svrCtx, true)
    if gRPCOnly {
		/ TODO: Generalize logic so that gRPC only is really in startStandAlone
		svrCtx.Logger.Info("starting node in gRPC only mode; CometBFT is disabled")

svrCfg.GRPC.Enable = true
}

else {
    svrCtx.Logger.Info("starting node with ABCI CometBFT in-process")

tmNode, cleanupFn, err := startCmtNode(ctx, cmtCfg, app, svrCtx)
    if err != nil {
    return err
}

defer cleanupFn()

		/ Add the tx service to the gRPC router. We only need to register this
		/ service if API or gRPC is enabled, and avoid doing so in the general
		/ case, because it spawns a new local CometBFT RPC client.
    if svrCfg.API.Enable || svrCfg.GRPC.Enable {
			/ Re-assign for making the client available below do not use := to avoid
			/ shadowing the clientCtx variable.
			clientCtx = clientCtx.WithClient(local.New(tmNode))

app.RegisterTxService(clientCtx)

app.RegisterTendermintService(clientCtx)

app.RegisterNodeService(clientCtx, svrCfg)
}

}

grpcSrv, clientCtx, err := startGrpcServer(ctx, g, svrCfg.GRPC, clientCtx, svrCtx, app)
    if err != nil {
    return err
}

err = startAPIServer(ctx, g, svrCfg, clientCtx, svrCtx, app, cmtCfg.RootDir, grpcSrv, metrics)
    if err != nil {
    return err
}
    if opts.PostSetup != nil {
    if err := opts.PostSetup(svrCtx, clientCtx, ctx, g); err != nil {
    return err
}

}

	/ wait for signal capture and gracefully return
	/ we are guaranteed to be waiting for the "ListenForQuitSignals" goroutine.
	return g.Wait()
}

/ TODO: Move nodeKey into being created within the function.
func startCmtNode(
	ctx context.Context,
	cfg *cmtcfg.Config,
	app types.Application,
	svrCtx *Context,
) (tmNode *node.Node, cleanupFn func(), err error) {
    nodeKey, err := p2p.LoadOrGenNodeKey(cfg.NodeKeyFile())
    if err != nil {
    return nil, cleanupFn, err
}
    cmtApp := NewCometABCIWrapper(app)

tmNode, err = node.NewNodeWithContext(
		ctx,
		cfg,
		pvm.LoadOrGenFilePV(cfg.PrivValidatorKeyFile(), cfg.PrivValidatorStateFile()),
		nodeKey,
		proxy.NewLocalClientCreator(cmtApp),
		getGenDocProvider(cfg),
		cmtcfg.DefaultDBProvider,
		node.DefaultMetricsProvider(cfg.Instrumentation),
		servercmtlog.CometLoggerWrapper{
    Logger: svrCtx.Logger
},
	)
    if err != nil {
    return tmNode, cleanupFn, err
}
    if err := tmNode.Start(); err != nil {
    return tmNode, cleanupFn, err
}

cleanupFn = func() {
    if tmNode != nil && tmNode.IsRunning() {
			_ = tmNode.Stop()
}

}

return tmNode, cleanupFn, nil
}

func getAndValidateConfig(svrCtx *Context) (serverconfig.Config, error) {
    config, err := serverconfig.GetConfig(svrCtx.Viper)
    if err != nil {
    return config, err
}
    if err := config.ValidateBasic(); err != nil {
    return config, err
}

return config, nil
}

/ returns a function which returns the genesis doc from the genesis file.
func getGenDocProvider(cfg *cmtcfg.Config)

func() (*cmttypes.GenesisDoc, error) {
    return func() (*cmttypes.GenesisDoc, error) {
    appGenesis, err := genutiltypes.AppGenesisFromFile(cfg.GenesisFile())
    if err != nil {
    return nil, err
}

return appGenesis.ToGenesisDoc()
}
}

func setupTraceWriter(svrCtx *Context) (traceWriter io.WriteCloser, cleanup func(), err error) {
	/ clean up the traceWriter when the server is shutting down
	cleanup = func() {
}
    traceWriterFile := svrCtx.Viper.GetString(flagTraceStore)

traceWriter, err = openTraceWriter(traceWriterFile)
    if err != nil {
    return traceWriter, cleanup, err
}

	/ if flagTraceStore is not used then traceWriter is nil
    if traceWriter != nil {
    cleanup = func() {
    if err = traceWriter.Close(); err != nil {
    svrCtx.Logger.Error("failed to close trace writer", "err", err)
}

}

}

return traceWriter, cleanup, nil
}

func startGrpcServer(
	ctx context.Context,
	g *errgroup.Group,
	config serverconfig.GRPCConfig,
	clientCtx client.Context,
	svrCtx *Context,
	app types.Application,
) (*grpc.Server, client.Context, error) {
    if !config.Enable {
		/ return grpcServer as nil if gRPC is disabled
		return nil, clientCtx, nil
}
	_, _, err := net.SplitHostPort(config.Address)
    if err != nil {
    return nil, clientCtx, err
}
    maxSendMsgSize := config.MaxSendMsgSize
    if maxSendMsgSize == 0 {
    maxSendMsgSize = serverconfig.DefaultGRPCMaxSendMsgSize
}
    maxRecvMsgSize := config.MaxRecvMsgSize
    if maxRecvMsgSize == 0 {
    maxRecvMsgSize = serverconfig.DefaultGRPCMaxRecvMsgSize
}

	/ if gRPC is enabled, configure gRPC client for gRPC gateway
	grpcClient, err := grpc.Dial( /nolint: staticcheck / ignore this line for this linter
		config.Address,
		grpc.WithTransportCredentials(insecure.NewCredentials()),
		grpc.WithDefaultCallOptions(
			grpc.ForceCodec(codec.NewProtoCodec(clientCtx.InterfaceRegistry).GRPCCodec()),
			grpc.MaxCallRecvMsgSize(maxRecvMsgSize),
			grpc.MaxCallSendMsgSize(maxSendMsgSize),
		),
	)
    if err != nil {
    return nil, clientCtx, err
}

clientCtx = clientCtx.WithGRPCClient(grpcClient)

svrCtx.Logger.Debug("gRPC client assigned to client context", "target", config.Address)

grpcSrv, err := servergrpc.NewGRPCServer(clientCtx, app, config)
    if err != nil {
    return nil, clientCtx, err
}

	/ Start the gRPC server in a goroutine. Note, the provided ctx will ensure
	/ that the server is gracefully shut down.
	g.Go(func()

error {
    return servergrpc.StartGRPCServer(ctx, svrCtx.Logger.With("module", "grpc-server"), config, grpcSrv)
})

return grpcSrv, clientCtx, nil
}

func startAPIServer(
	ctx context.Context,
	g *errgroup.Group,
	svrCfg serverconfig.Config,
	clientCtx client.Context,
	svrCtx *Context,
	app types.Application,
	home string,
	grpcSrv *grpc.Server,
	metrics *telemetry.Metrics,
)

error {
    if !svrCfg.API.Enable {
    return nil
}

clientCtx = clientCtx.WithHomeDir(home)
    apiSrv := api.New(clientCtx, svrCtx.Logger.With("module", "api-server"), grpcSrv)

app.RegisterAPIRoutes(apiSrv, svrCfg.API)
    if svrCfg.Telemetry.Enabled {
    apiSrv.SetTelemetry(metrics)
}

g.Go(func()

error {
    return apiSrv.Start(ctx, svrCfg)
})

return nil
}

func startTelemetry(cfg serverconfig.Config) (*telemetry.Metrics, error) {
    return telemetry.New(cfg.Telemetry)
}

/ wrapCPUProfile starts CPU profiling, if enabled, and executes the provided
/ callbackFn in a separate goroutine, then will wait for that callback to
/ return.
/
/ NOTE: We expect the caller to handle graceful shutdown and signal handling.
func wrapCPUProfile(svrCtx *Context, callbackFn func()

error)

error {
    if cpuProfile := svrCtx.Viper.GetString(flagCPUProfile); cpuProfile != "" {
    f, err := os.Create(cpuProfile)
    if err != nil {
    return err
}

svrCtx.Logger.Info("starting CPU profiler", "profile", cpuProfile)
    if err := pprof.StartCPUProfile(f); err != nil {
    return err
}

defer func() {
    svrCtx.Logger.Info("stopping CPU profiler", "profile", cpuProfile)

pprof.StopCPUProfile()
    if err := f.Close(); err != nil {
    svrCtx.Logger.Info("failed to close cpu-profile file", "profile", cpuProfile, "err", err.Error())
}

}()
}

return callbackFn()
}

/ emitServerInfoMetrics emits server info related metrics using application telemetry.
func emitServerInfoMetrics() {
    var ls []metrics.Label
    versionInfo := version.NewInfo()
    if len(versionInfo.GoVersion) > 0 {
    ls = append(ls, telemetry.NewLabel("go", versionInfo.GoVersion))
}
    if len(versionInfo.CosmosSdkVersion) > 0 {
    ls = append(ls, telemetry.NewLabel("version", versionInfo.CosmosSdkVersion))
}
    if len(ls) == 0 {
    return
}

telemetry.SetGaugeWithLabels([]string{"server", "info"
}, 1, ls)
}

func getCtx(svrCtx *Context, block bool) (*errgroup.Group, context.Context) {
    ctx, cancelFn := context.WithCancel(context.Background())

g, ctx := errgroup.WithContext(ctx)
	/ listen for quit signals so the calling parent process can gracefully exit
	ListenForQuitSignals(g, block, cancelFn, svrCtx.Logger)

return g, ctx
}

func startApp(svrCtx *Context, appCreator types.AppCreator, opts StartCmdOptions) (app types.Application, cleanupFn func(), err error) {
    traceWriter, traceCleanupFn, err := setupTraceWriter(svrCtx)
    if err != nil {
    return app, traceCleanupFn, err
}
    home := svrCtx.Config.RootDir
	db, err := opts.DBOpener(home, GetAppDBBackend(svrCtx.Viper))
    if err != nil {
    return app, traceCleanupFn, err
}
    if isTestnet, ok := svrCtx.Viper.Get(KeyIsTestnet).(bool); ok && isTestnet {
    app, err = testnetify(svrCtx, appCreator, db, traceWriter)
    if err != nil {
    return app, traceCleanupFn, err
}

}

else {
    app = appCreator(svrCtx.Logger, db, traceWriter, svrCtx.Viper)
}

cleanupFn = func() {
    traceCleanupFn()
    if localErr := app.Close(); localErr != nil {
    svrCtx.Logger.Error(localErr.Error())
}

}

return app, cleanupFn, nil
}

/ InPlaceTestnetCreator utilizes the provided chainID and operatorAddress as well as the local private validator key to
/ control the network represented in the data folder. This is useful to create testnets nearly identical to your
/ mainnet environment.
func InPlaceTestnetCreator(testnetAppCreator types.AppCreator) *cobra.Command {
    opts := StartCmdOptions{
}
    if opts.DBOpener == nil {
    opts.DBOpener = openDB
}
    if opts.StartCommandHandler == nil {
    opts.StartCommandHandler = start
}
    cmd := &cobra.Command{
    Use:   "in-place-testnet [newChainID] [newOperatorAddress]",
    Short: "Create and start a testnet from current local state",
    Long: `Create and start a testnet from current local state.
After utilizing this command the network will start. If the network is stopped,
the normal "start" command should be used. Re-using this command on state that
has already been modified by this command could result in unexpected behavior.

Additionally, the first block may take up to one minute to be committed, depending
on how old the block is. For instance, if a snapshot was taken weeks ago and we want
to turn this into a testnet, it is possible lots of pending state needs to be committed
(expiring locks, etc.). It is recommended that you should wait for this block to be committed
before stopping the daemon.

If the --trigger-testnet-upgrade flag is set, the upgrade handler specified by the flag will be run
on the first block of the testnet.

Regardless of whether the flag is set or not, if any new stores are introduced in the daemon being run,
those stores will be registered in order to prevent panics. Therefore, you only need to set the flag if
you want to test the upgrade handler itself.
`,
    Example: "in-place-testnet localosmosis osmo12smx2wdlyttvyzvzg54y2vnqwq2qjateuf7thj",
    Args:    cobra.ExactArgs(2),
    RunE: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string)

error {
    serverCtx := GetServerContextFromCmd(cmd)
			_, err := GetPruningOptionsFromFlags(serverCtx.Viper)
    if err != nil {
    return err
}

clientCtx, err := client.GetClientQueryContext(cmd)
    if err != nil {
    return err
}

withCMT, _ := cmd.Flags().GetBool(flagWithComet)
    if !withCMT {
    serverCtx.Logger.Info("starting ABCI without CometBFT")
}
    newChainID := args[0]
    newOperatorAddress := args[1]

			skipConfirmation, _ := cmd.Flags().GetBool("skip-confirmation")
    if !skipConfirmation {
				/ Confirmation prompt to prevent accidental modification of state.
    reader := bufio.NewReader(os.Stdin)

fmt.Println("This operation will modify state in your data folder and cannot be undone. Do you want to continue? (y/n)")

text, _ := reader.ReadString('\n')
    response := strings.TrimSpace(strings.ToLower(text))
    if response != "y" && response != "yes" {
    fmt.Println("Operation canceled.")

return nil
}

}

			/ Set testnet keys to be used by the application.
			/ This is done to prevent changes to existing start API.
			serverCtx.Viper.Set(KeyIsTestnet, true)

serverCtx.Viper.Set(KeyNewChainID, newChainID)

serverCtx.Viper.Set(KeyNewOpAddr, newOperatorAddress)

err = wrapCPUProfile(serverCtx, func()

error {
    return opts.StartCommandHandler(serverCtx, clientCtx, testnetAppCreator, withCMT, opts)
})

serverCtx.Logger.Debug("received quit signal")

graceDuration, _ := cmd.Flags().GetDuration(FlagShutdownGrace)
    if graceDuration > 0 {
    serverCtx.Logger.Info("graceful shutdown start", FlagShutdownGrace, graceDuration)
				<-time.After(graceDuration)

serverCtx.Logger.Info("graceful shutdown complete")
}

return err
},
}

addStartNodeFlags(cmd, opts)

cmd.Flags().String(KeyTriggerTestnetUpgrade, "", "If set (example: \"v21\"), triggers the v21 upgrade handler to run on the first block of the testnet")

cmd.Flags().Bool("skip-confirmation", false, "Skip the confirmation prompt")

return cmd
}

/ testnetify modifies both state and blockStore, allowing the provided operator address and local validator key to control the network
/ that the state in the data folder represents. The chainID of the local genesis file is modified to match the provided chainID.
func testnetify(ctx *Context, testnetAppCreator types.AppCreator, db dbm.DB, traceWriter io.WriteCloser) (types.Application, error) {
    config := ctx.Config

	newChainID, ok := ctx.Viper.Get(KeyNewChainID).(string)
    if !ok {
    return nil, fmt.Errorf("expected string for key %s", KeyNewChainID)
}

	/ Modify app genesis chain ID and save to genesis file.
    genFilePath := config.GenesisFile()

appGen, err := genutiltypes.AppGenesisFromFile(genFilePath)
    if err != nil {
    return nil, err
}

appGen.ChainID = newChainID
    if err := appGen.ValidateAndComplete(); err != nil {
    return nil, err
}
    if err := appGen.SaveAs(genFilePath); err != nil {
    return nil, err
}

	/ Regenerate addrbook.json to prevent peers on old network from causing error logs.
    addrBookPath := filepath.Join(config.RootDir, "config", "addrbook.json")
    if err := os.Remove(addrBookPath); err != nil && !os.IsNotExist(err) {
    return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to remove existing addrbook.json: %w", err)
}
    emptyAddrBook := []byte("{
}")
    if err := os.WriteFile(addrBookPath, emptyAddrBook, 0o600); err != nil {
    return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to create empty addrbook.json: %w", err)
}

	/ Load the comet genesis doc provider.
    genDocProvider := node.DefaultGenesisDocProviderFunc(config)

	/ Initialize blockStore and stateDB.
	blockStoreDB, err := cmtcfg.DefaultDBProvider(&cmtcfg.DBContext{
    ID: "blockstore",
    Config: config
})
    if err != nil {
    return nil, err
}
    blockStore := store.NewBlockStore(blockStoreDB)

stateDB, err := cmtcfg.DefaultDBProvider(&cmtcfg.DBContext{
    ID: "state",
    Config: config
})
    if err != nil {
    return nil, err
}

defer blockStore.Close()

defer stateDB.Close()
    privValidator := pvm.LoadOrGenFilePV(config.PrivValidatorKeyFile(), config.PrivValidatorStateFile())

userPubKey, err := privValidator.GetPubKey()
    if err != nil {
    return nil, err
}
    validatorAddress := userPubKey.Address()
    stateStore := sm.NewStore(stateDB, sm.StoreOptions{
    DiscardABCIResponses: config.Storage.DiscardABCIResponses,
})

state, genDoc, err := node.LoadStateFromDBOrGenesisDocProvider(stateDB, genDocProvider)
    if err != nil {
    return nil, err
}

ctx.Viper.Set(KeyNewValAddr, validatorAddress)

ctx.Viper.Set(KeyUserPubKey, userPubKey)
    testnetApp := testnetAppCreator(ctx.Logger, db, traceWriter, ctx.Viper)

	/ We need to create a temporary proxyApp to get the initial state of the application.
	/ Depending on how the node was stopped, the application height can differ from the blockStore height.
	/ This height difference changes how we go about modifying the state.
    cmtApp := NewCometABCIWrapper(testnetApp)
	_, context := getCtx(ctx, true)
    clientCreator := proxy.NewLocalClientCreator(cmtApp)
    metrics := node.DefaultMetricsProvider(cmtcfg.DefaultConfig().Instrumentation)
	_, _, _, _, proxyMetrics, _, _ := metrics(genDoc.ChainID)
    proxyApp := proxy.NewAppConns(clientCreator, proxyMetrics)
    if err := proxyApp.Start(); err != nil {
    return nil, fmt.Errorf("error starting proxy app connections: %w", err)
}

res, err := proxyApp.Query().Info(context, proxy.RequestInfo)
    if err != nil {
    return nil, fmt.Errorf("error calling Info: %w", err)
}

err = proxyApp.Stop()
    if err != nil {
    return nil, err
}
    appHash := res.LastBlockAppHash
    appHeight := res.LastBlockHeight

	var block *cmttypes.Block
    switch {
    case appHeight == blockStore.Height():
		block = blockStore.LoadBlock(blockStore.Height())
		/ If the state's last blockstore height does not match the app and blockstore height, we likely stopped with the halt height flag.
    if state.LastBlockHeight != appHeight {
    state.LastBlockHeight = appHeight
			block.AppHash = appHash
			state.AppHash = appHash
}

else {
			/ Node was likely stopped via SIGTERM, delete the next block's seen commit
    err := blockStoreDB.Delete(fmt.Appendf(nil, "SC:%v", blockStore.Height()+1))
    if err != nil {
    return nil, err
}

}
    case blockStore.Height() > state.LastBlockHeight:
		/ This state usually occurs when we gracefully stop the node.
		err = blockStore.DeleteLatestBlock()
    if err != nil {
    return nil, err
}

block = blockStore.LoadBlock(blockStore.Height())

default:
		/ If there is any other state, we just load the block
		block = blockStore.LoadBlock(blockStore.Height())
}

block.ChainID = newChainID
	state.ChainID = newChainID

	block.LastBlockID = state.LastBlockID
	block.LastCommit.BlockID = state.LastBlockID

	/ Create a vote from our validator
    vote := cmttypes.Vote{
    Type:             cmtproto.PrecommitType,
    Height:           state.LastBlockHeight,
    Round:            0,
    BlockID:          state.LastBlockID,
    Timestamp:        time.Now(),
    ValidatorAddress: validatorAddress,
    ValidatorIndex:   0,
    Signature:        []byte{
},
}

	/ Sign the vote, and copy the proto changes from the act of signing to the vote itself
    voteProto := vote.ToProto()

err = privValidator.SignVote(newChainID, voteProto)
    if err != nil {
    return nil, err
}

vote.Signature = voteProto.Signature
	vote.Timestamp = voteProto.Timestamp

	/ Modify the block's lastCommit to be signed only by our validator
	block.LastCommit.Signatures[0].ValidatorAddress = validatorAddress
	block.LastCommit.Signatures[0].Signature = vote.Signature
	block.LastCommit.Signatures = []cmttypes.CommitSig{
    block.LastCommit.Signatures[0]
}

	/ Load the seenCommit of the lastBlockHeight and modify it to be signed from our validator
    seenCommit := blockStore.LoadSeenCommit(state.LastBlockHeight)

seenCommit.BlockID = state.LastBlockID
	seenCommit.Round = vote.Round
	seenCommit.Signatures[0].Signature = vote.Signature
	seenCommit.Signatures[0].ValidatorAddress = validatorAddress
	seenCommit.Signatures[0].Timestamp = vote.Timestamp
	seenCommit.Signatures = []cmttypes.CommitSig{
    seenCommit.Signatures[0]
}

err = blockStore.SaveSeenCommit(state.LastBlockHeight, seenCommit)
    if err != nil {
    return nil, err
}

	/ Create ValidatorSet struct containing just our valdiator.
    newVal := &cmttypes.Validator{
    Address:     validatorAddress,
    PubKey:      userPubKey,
    VotingPower: 900000000000000,
}
    newValSet := &cmttypes.ValidatorSet{
    Validators: []*cmttypes.Validator{
    newVal
},
    Proposer:   newVal,
}

	/ Replace all valSets in state to be the valSet with just our validator.
	state.Validators = newValSet
	state.LastValidators = newValSet
	state.NextValidators = newValSet
	state.LastHeightValidatorsChanged = blockStore.Height()

err = stateStore.Save(state)
    if err != nil {
    return nil, err
}

	/ Create a ValidatorsInfo struct to store in stateDB.
	valSet, err := state.Validators.ToProto()
    if err != nil {
    return nil, err
}
    valInfo := &cmtstate.ValidatorsInfo{
    ValidatorSet:      valSet,
    LastHeightChanged: state.LastBlockHeight,
}

buf, err := valInfo.Marshal()
    if err != nil {
    return nil, err
}

	/ Modfiy Validators stateDB entry.
	err = stateDB.Set(fmt.Appendf(nil, "validatorsKey:%v", blockStore.Height()), buf)
    if err != nil {
    return nil, err
}

	/ Modify LastValidators stateDB entry.
	err = stateDB.Set(fmt.Appendf(nil, "validatorsKey:%v", blockStore.Height()-1), buf)
    if err != nil {
    return nil, err
}

	/ Modify NextValidators stateDB entry.
	err = stateDB.Set(fmt.Appendf(nil, "validatorsKey:%v", blockStore.Height()+1), buf)
    if err != nil {
    return nil, err
}

	/ Since we modified the chainID, we set the new genesisDoc in the stateDB.
	b, err := cmtjson.Marshal(genDoc)
    if err != nil {
    return nil, err
}
    if err := stateDB.SetSync([]byte("genesisDoc"), b); err != nil {
    return nil, err
}

return testnetApp, err
}

/ addStartNodeFlags should be added to any CLI commands that start the network.
func addStartNodeFlags(cmd *cobra.Command, opts StartCmdOptions) {
    cmd.Flags().Bool(flagWithComet, true, "Run abci app embedded in-process with CometBFT")

cmd.Flags().String(flagAddress, "tcp://127.0.0.1:26658", "Listen address")

cmd.Flags().String(flagTransport, "socket", "Transport protocol: socket, grpc")

cmd.Flags().String(flagTraceStore, "", "Enable KVStore tracing to an output file")

cmd.Flags().String(FlagMinGasPrices, "", "Minimum gas prices to accept for transactions; Any fee in a tx must meet this minimum (e.g. 0.01photino;0.0001stake)")

cmd.Flags().Uint64(FlagQueryGasLimit, 0, "Maximum gas a Rest/Grpc query can consume. Blank and 0 imply unbounded.")

cmd.Flags().IntSlice(FlagUnsafeSkipUpgrades, []int{
}, "Skip a set of upgrade heights to continue the old binary")

cmd.Flags().Uint64(FlagHaltHeight, 0, "Block height at which to gracefully halt the chain and shutdown the node")

cmd.Flags().Uint64(FlagHaltTime, 0, "Minimum block time (in Unix seconds)

at which to gracefully halt the chain and shutdown the node")

cmd.Flags().Bool(FlagInterBlockCache, true, "Enable inter-block caching")

cmd.Flags().String(flagCPUProfile, "", "Enable CPU profiling and write to the provided file")

cmd.Flags().Bool(FlagTrace, false, "Provide full stack traces for errors in ABCI Log")

cmd.Flags().String(FlagPruning, pruningtypes.PruningOptionDefault, "Pruning strategy (default|nothing|everything|custom)")

cmd.Flags().Uint64(FlagPruningKeepRecent, 0, "Number of recent heights to keep on disk (ignored if pruning is not 'custom')")

cmd.Flags().Uint64(FlagPruningInterval, 0, "Height interval at which pruned heights are removed from disk (ignored if pruning is not 'custom')")

cmd.Flags().Uint(FlagInvCheckPeriod, 0, "Assert registered invariants every N blocks")

cmd.Flags().Uint64(FlagMinRetainBlocks, 0, "Minimum block height offset during ABCI commit to prune CometBFT blocks")

cmd.Flags().Bool(FlagAPIEnable, false, "Define if the API server should be enabled")

cmd.Flags().Bool(FlagAPISwagger, false, "Define if swagger documentation should automatically be registered (Note: the API must also be enabled)")

cmd.Flags().String(FlagAPIAddress, serverconfig.DefaultAPIAddress, "the API server address to listen on")

cmd.Flags().Uint(FlagAPIMaxOpenConnections, 1000, "Define the number of maximum open connections")

cmd.Flags().Uint(FlagRPCReadTimeout, 10, "Define the CometBFT RPC read timeout (in seconds)")

cmd.Flags().Uint(FlagRPCWriteTimeout, 0, "Define the CometBFT RPC write timeout (in seconds)")

cmd.Flags().Uint(FlagRPCMaxBodyBytes, 1000000, "Define the CometBFT maximum request body (in bytes)")

cmd.Flags().Bool(FlagAPIEnableUnsafeCORS, false, "Define if CORS should be enabled (unsafe - use it at your own risk)")

cmd.Flags().Bool(flagGRPCOnly, false, "Start the node in gRPC query only mode (no CometBFT process is started)")

cmd.Flags().Bool(flagGRPCEnable, true, "Define if the gRPC server should be enabled")

cmd.Flags().String(flagGRPCAddress, serverconfig.DefaultGRPCAddress, "the gRPC server address to listen on")

cmd.Flags().Bool(flagGRPCWebEnable, true, "Define if the gRPC-Web server should be enabled. (Note: gRPC must also be enabled)")

cmd.Flags().Uint64(FlagStateSyncSnapshotInterval, 0, "State sync snapshot interval")

cmd.Flags().Uint32(FlagStateSyncSnapshotKeepRecent, 2, "State sync snapshot to keep")

cmd.Flags().Bool(FlagDisableIAVLFastNode, false, "Disable fast node for IAVL tree")

cmd.Flags().Int(FlagMempoolMaxTxs, mempool.DefaultMaxTx, "Sets MaxTx value for the app-side mempool")

cmd.Flags().Duration(FlagShutdownGrace, 0*time.Second, "On Shutdown, duration to wait for resource clean up")

	/ support old flags name for backwards compatibility
	cmd.Flags().SetNormalizeFunc(func(f *pflag.FlagSet, name string)

pflag.NormalizedName {
    if name == "with-tendermint" {
    name = flagWithComet
}

return pflag.NormalizedName(name)
})

	/ add support for all CometBFT-specific command line options
	cmtcmd.AddNodeFlags(cmd)
    if opts.AddFlags != nil {
    opts.AddFlags(cmd)
}
}

Upon starting, the node will bootstrap its RPC and P2P server and start dialing peers. During handshake with its peers, if the node realizes they are ahead, it will query all the blocks sequentially in order to catch up. Then, it will wait for new block proposals and block signatures from validators in order to make progress.

Other commands

To discover how to concretely run a node and interact with it, please refer to our Running a Node, API and CLI guide.